Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

62 questions · 62 findings · 8 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

No studies found 13 · 21%GRADE not reported 7 · 11.3%Very low 19 · 30.6%Low 17 · 27.4%Moderate 6 · 9.7%High 0 · 0%

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Quantity of service provision (continuous) ‐ immunisation rates for patients aged 65 years or older · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

It is very uncertain whether pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods changes quantity of service provision (continuous) ‐ immunisation rates for… compared with existing payment methods (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enhanced fee‐for‐service (FFS) vs FFS

Quantity of service provision (dichotomous) ‐ child immunisation status up‐to‐date · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

Enhanced fee‐for‐service (FFS) probably leads to higher quantity of service provision ‐ child immunisation status up‐to‐date compared with FFS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Quantity of service provision (continuous) ‐ number of detailed disease‐related consultation services per 100 prescriptions · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods may leads to higher quantity of service provision (continuous) ‐ number of detailed… compared with existing payment methods (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Quality of service provision ‐ physician prescribing practices · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods may leads to higher quality of service provision ‐ physician prescribing practices compared with existing payment methods (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Patient outcomes ‐ reduction in blood pressure · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

It is very uncertain whether pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods changes patient outcomes ‐ reduction in blood pressure compared with existing payment methods (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Quality of service provision and patient outcomes ‐ blood pressure management · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods may leads to higher quality of service provision and patient outcomes ‐ blood pressure… compared with existing payment methods (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Unintended or adverse effects · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods may leads to lower unintended or adverse effects compared with existing payment methods (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review