Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

260 questions · 265 findings · 20 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 57 · 21.5%GRADE not reported 29 · 10.9%Very low 77 · 29.1%Low 85 · 32.1%Moderate 16 · 6%High 1 · 0.4%

Subcutaneous EPO with oral iron vs oral iron

Maternal death · women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Subcutaneous EPO with oral iron vs oral iron

Fatigue ‐ not reported · women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Subcutaneous EPO with oral iron vs oral iron

Persistent anaemia symptoms ‐ not reported · women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Subcutaneous EPO with oral iron vs oral iron

Thromboembolic events ‐ not reported · women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral misoprostol vs placebo/no treatment

Vaginal birth within 24 hours · women with ruptured membranes in the third trimester for induction of labour.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal dinoprostone

Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol may leads to lower uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changesÂ compared with vaginal dinoprostone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.49 [0.4, 0.59]
11 studies · 9084 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal dinoprostone

Oxytocin augmentation · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

It is very uncertain whether oral misoprostol changes oxytocin augmentationÂ compared with vaginal dinoprostone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.75, 1.09]
12 studies · 9451 participants
Very low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal dinoprostone

Uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol probably leads to lower uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changesÂ compared with vaginal dinoprostone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.72, 0.97]
9 studies · 8171 participants
Moderate

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal dinoprostone

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in apgar score less than seven at five minutesÂ compared with vaginal dinoprostone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.52, 1.23]
12 studies · 9473 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal dinoprostone

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal intensive care unitÂ compared with vaginal dinoprostone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.6, 1.07]
11 studies · 9278 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Vaginal birth within 24 hours · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol may leads to lower vaginal birth within 24 hoursÂ compared with vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.68, 0.95]
16 studies · 3451 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Caesarean section · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.86, 1.16]
32 studies · 5914 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol may leads to lower uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changesÂ compared with vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.53, 0.92]
25 studies · 4857 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Oxytocin augmentation · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol may leads to higher oxytocin augmentationÂ compared with vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.28 [1.15, 1.44]
28 studies · 5416 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol may leads to lower uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changesÂ compared with vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.49, 0.99]
16 studies · 3212 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs placebo/no treatment

Caesarean section · women with ruptured membranes in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.59, 1.11]
4 studies · 594 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in apgar score less than seven at five minutesÂ compared with vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.46, 1.02]
21 studies · 4438 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal intensive care unitÂ compared with vaginal misoprostol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.86, 1.23]
23 studies · 4450 participants
Moderate

Oral misoprostol vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin

Vaginal birth within 24 hours · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in vaginal birth within 24 hours compared with intravenous oxytocin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.95, 1.33]
3 studies · 466 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin

Caesarean section · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol probably leads to lower caesarean section compared with intravenous oxytocin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.5, 0.9]
6 studies · 737 participants
Moderate