Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

198 questions · 203 findings · 13 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

No studies found 39 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 2 · 1%Very low 70 · 34.5%Low 67 · 33%Moderate 24 · 11.8%High 1 · 0.5%

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Number with complete remission: complete remission in delayed steroid resistance · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes number with complete remission: complete remission in delayed… compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Complete remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes number with complete remission: complete remission in all patients compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Adverse events: bronchospasm/treatment discontinued · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes adverse events: bronchospasm/treatment discontinued compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Adverse events: hypotension · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes adverse events: hypotension compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Adverse effects of antibiotics (skin rash) · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes adverse events: skin rash compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Adverse events: mild dyspnoea · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes adverse events: mild dyspnoea compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

New renal parenchymal defects (scars and thinning) on IVP: unit of analysis (children) at 4 to 5 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone · primary VUR

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in new renal parenchymal defects (scars and thinning) on IVP: unit of… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Correction of VUR: unit of analysis (children) after 3 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone · primary VUR

It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes correction of VUR: unit of analysis (children) after 3 years:… compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Febrile UTI by 1 to 2 years: endoscopic correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone · primary VUR

Endoscopic injection treatment showed no clear difference in febrile UTI by 1 to 2 years: endoscopic correction + antibiotics… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Total new and progressive Renal parenchymal abnormalities on DMSA scan at 1 to 2 years: endoscopic correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone (unit of analysis: children) · primary VUR

Endoscopic injection treatment showed no clear difference in total new and progressive Renal parenchymal abnormalities on DMSA… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Febrile UTI by 5 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone · primary VUR

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics probably leads to lower febrile UTI by 5 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prednisone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Any continuing kidney disease at 3 months (study with high risk of bias excluded) · patients with IgAV

Prednisone showed no clear difference in children with any continuing kidney disease at 3 months compared with placebo or supportive treatment (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review