Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

85 questions · 85 findings · 16 reviews · Airways

No studies found 4 · 4.7%GRADE not reported 4 · 4.7%Very low 4 · 4.7%Low 13 · 15.3%Moderate 42 · 49.4%High 18 · 21.2%

Benralizumab 10 mg vs placebo

Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils < 220/μL · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Benralizumab 10 mg showed no clear difference in rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils < 220/μL compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benralizumab 30 mg vs placebo

Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Benralizumab 30 mg showed no clear difference in rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benralizumab 30 mg vs placebo

Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils < 220/μL · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Benralizumab 30 mg showed no clear difference in rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils < 220/μL compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mepolizumab 100 mg vs placebo

Time to first moderate or severe exacerbation Eosinophilic phenotype · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Mepolizumab 100 mg leads to lower time to first moderate or severe exacerbation Eosinophilic phenotype compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benralizumab 100 mg vs placebo

Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Benralizumab 100 mg showed no clear difference in rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benralizumab 100 mg vs placebo

Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils < 220/μL · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Benralizumab 100 mg showed no clear difference in rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils < 220/μL compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mepolizumab 100 mg vs placebo

Time to first moderate or severe exacerbation All participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Mepolizumab 100 mg showed no clear difference in time to first moderate or severe exacerbation All participants compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA probably leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/ICS vs LAMA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/ICS vs LAMA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS probably leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LAMA vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review