Death at hospital discharge · preterm infants prior to extubation
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 18 to 24 months CA · preterm infants prior to extubation
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 18 to 24 months CA · preterm infants at risk of or with apnea; preterm infants undergoing extubation
Methylxanthine probably leads to lower major neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
a) Cerebral palsy or gross motor disability · preterm infants prior to extubation
Methylxanthine probably leads to lower a) Cerebral palsy or gross motor disability compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
b) Developmental delay at 18 to 24 months · preterm infants prior to extubation
Methylxanthine showed no clear difference in b) Developmental delay at 18 to 24 months compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Failed extubation · preterm infants prior to extubation
Methylxanthine probably leads to lower failed extubation compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Oxygen requirement at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · preterm infants prior to extubation
Methylxanthine probably leads to lower supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
a) Cerebral palsy or gross motor disability · preterm infants at risk of or with apnea; preterm infants undergoing extubation
Methylxanthine probably leads to lower a) Cerebral palsy or gross motor disability compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
b) Developmental delay at 18 to 24 months · preterm infants at risk of or with apnea; preterm infants undergoing extubation
Methylxanthine showed no clear difference in b) Developmental delay at 18 to 24 months compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any apneic episodes · preterm infants at risk of or with apnea; preterm infants undergoing extubation
Methylxanthine probably leads to lower any apneic episodes compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Failed apnea reduction · preterm infants at risk of or with apnea; preterm infants undergoing extubation
Methylxanthine probably leads to lower failed apnea reduction compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Positive‐pressure ventilation after institution of treatment · preterm infants at risk of or with apnea; preterm infants undergoing extubation
Methylxanthine may leads to lower positive‐pressure ventilation after institution of treatment compared with placebo or control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Oxygen requirement at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · preterm infants at risk of or with apnea; preterm infants undergoing extubation
Methylxanthine leads to lower supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with placebo or control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects (tachycardia, agitation, or feed intolerance) leading to a reduction in dose or withholding of methylxanthines№ of participants: 30(1 RCT) · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether caffeine changes side effects (tachycardia, agitation, or feed intolerance) leading… compared with other methylxanthines (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.17 [0.02, 1.32]
Studies not reported
Very low
Failed apnea reduction · treatment of apnea
Doxapram showed no clear difference in 1a. Failed apnea reduction after 2–7 days – doxapram compared to no… compared with no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline,… (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 0.45 [0.2, 1.05]
1 study · 21 participants
Low
RR 1.35 [0.53, 3.45]
4 studies · 84 participants
Very low
RR 0.08 [0.01, 1.17]
1 study · 10 participants
Very low
4b. Death at any time during initial hospitalization – doxapram compared to alternative treatment for the treatment of apnea · treatment of apnea
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
5c. Moderate‐to‐severe neurodevelopmental disability or intellectual impairment after 2 years of age – doxapram as an adjunct to methylxanthine compared to methylxanthine alone for the treatment of apnea · treatment of apnea
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
side‐effects ‐ side‐effects causing abandon · treatment of apnea
3 findings from 1 review
1c.'Clinical apnea' after initiation of treatment – doxapram as an adjunct to methylxanthine compared to methylxanthine alone for the prevention of reintubation · prevention of reintubation
Doxapram may leads to lower 1c.'Clinical apnea' after initiation of treatment – doxapram as an… compared with no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline,… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
2c. Failed apnea reduction after 2–7 days – doxapram as an adjunct to methylxanthine compared to methylxanthine alone for the prevention of reintubation · prevention of reintubation
Doxapram showed no clear difference in 2c. Failed apnea reduction after 2–7 days – doxapram as an adjunct… compared with no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline,… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review