What do systematic reviews say?

Organisational interventions vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 228 participants
  Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention showed no clear difference in residents with at least one fall compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.86, 1.2]
  4 studies · 17954 participants
  Low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention showed no clear difference in residents with at least one fall‐related fracture compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.76, 1.45]
  4 studies · 17954 participants
  Low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention showed no clear difference in residents with at least one psychotropic medication compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.95, 1.06]
  2 studies · 3452 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Simple educational intervention vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 1483 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Simple educational intervention vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single‐component hydration intervention vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multicomponent educational intervention vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multicomponent educational intervention vs control

Multicomponent educational intervention showed no clear difference in mortality compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.5, 1.34]
  1 study · 215 participants
  Moderate

Multicomponent educational intervention vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multicomponent educational intervention vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multicomponent educational intervention vs control

Multicomponent educational intervention probably leads to lower hospital admissions compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.57, 0.79]
  1 study · 494 participants
  Moderate

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention probably leads to lower incidence of delirium NH‐CAM compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.42 [0.34, 0.51]
  1 study · 7311 participants
  Moderate

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention showed no clear difference in mortality compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.88 [0.66, 1.17]
  1 study · 9412 participants
  Moderate

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single‐component hydration intervention vs control

It is very uncertain whether single‐component hydration intervention changes incidence of delirium NEECHAM Confusion Scale compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.18, 4]
  1 study · 98 participants
  Very low

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention showed no clear difference in falls Fall events compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.92, 1.15]
  1 study · 2275 participants
  Low

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention showed no clear difference in hospital admissions compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.89 [0.72, 1.1]
  1 study · 7599 participants
  Moderate