Once‐daily LABA/LAMA in a combined inhaler probably leads to lower acute exacerbations of COPD (4‐week to 24‐week compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
Once‐daily LABA/LAMA in a combined inhaler showed no clear difference in adverse events (3‐week to 1‐year compared with placebo (high certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Triple therapy may leads to lower moderate‐to‐severe exacerbations (rate) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
Triple therapy may leads to lower severe exacerbations (rate) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
Triple therapy leads to higher respiratory HRQoL measured by SGRQ, ≥ 4‐point decrease from baseline… compared with LABA/LAMA combination (high certainty).
Triple therapy probably leads to higher pneumonia (labelled as an SAE) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (moderate certainty).
Triple therapy showed no clear difference in all‐cause SAEs compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
Triple therapy probably leads to higher symptom score TDI, ≥ 1‐unit increase (lower scores indicate worse… compared with LABA/LAMA combination (moderate certainty).
Triple therapy may leads to higher lung function, change in trough FEV1 (mL) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
Triple therapy may leads to lower mortality (all‐cause) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).