Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

64 questions · 64 findings · 2 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

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No studies found 12 · 18.8%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 29 · 45.3%Low 16 · 25%Moderate 7 · 10.9%High 0 · 0%

More intensive vs less intensive insulin therapy

Kidney function markers · pre‐existing and new‐onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients

1 finding from 1 review

Glucose‐lowering agents for treating pre‐existing and new‐onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Very low

More intensive vs less intensive insulin therapy

Death: unknown time frame · pre‐existing and new‐onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients

It is very uncertain whether more intensive changes death (any cause) Time frame: 1 to 5 years compared with less intensive insulin therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glucose‐lowering agents for treating pre‐existing and new‐onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.29, 1.58]
3 studies · 208 participants
Very low

More intensive vs less intensive insulin therapy

Hypoglycaemia · pre‐existing and new‐onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients

1 finding from 1 review

Glucose‐lowering agents for treating pre‐existing and new‐onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 301 participants
Very low

More intensive vs less intensive insulin therapy

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · pre‐existing and new‐onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients

1 finding from 1 review

Glucose‐lowering agents for treating pre‐existing and new‐onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

SGLT2 inhibitors vs placebo

HbA1c (%) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1092 participants
Moderate

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

FBG (mmol/L) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 589 participants
Low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

Death (all causes) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 4211 participants
Low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

All cardiovascular death · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 5897 participants
Moderate

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

Weight (kg) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 210 participants
Moderate

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

eGFR · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 130 participants
Very low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

Hypoglycaemia · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 1443 participants
Very low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1257 participants
Very low

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

HbA1c (%) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 283 participants
Moderate

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

FBG (mmol/L) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 231 participants
Very low

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

Death (all causes) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 301 participants
Very low

SGLT2 inhibitors vs placebo

FBG (mmol/L) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 855 participants
Moderate

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

All cardiovascular death · people with diabetes and CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

Weight (kg) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 303 participants
Low

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

eGFR · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 279 participants
Low

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

Hypoglycaemia · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 303 participants
Low