Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

34 questions · 40 findings · 1 reviews · Dental caries

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 40 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Depression · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Depression (Cohort studies): HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.72), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Cohort studies
HR 0.44 [0.27, 0.72]
3 studies · 8815 participants
GRADE not reported
Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Case-control studies
OR 0.77 [0.59, 1.00]
9 studies · 19807 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Ischaemic stroke · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Ischaemic stroke (Hazard ratio (cohort studies)): HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.80), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Hazard ratio (cohort studies)
HR 0.66 [0.55, 0.80]
4 studies · 26596 participants
GRADE not reported
Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Odds ratio (case-control studies)
OR 0.52 [0.44, 0.61]
5 studies · 31858 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Kidney cancer · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Kidney cancer: OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.58), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
OR 1.01 [0.65, 1.58]
6 studies · 1480 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Body‐mass index (BMI) · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Body mass index: Z score -0.15 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Z score -0.15 [-0.19, -0.11]
37 studies · 16525 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Sporadic colorectal adenoma · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Sporadic colorectal adenoma: OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.97), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
OR 0.82 [0.69, 0.97]
9 studies · 6268 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Type 2 diabetes (prevalent) · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Type 2 diabetes (prevalent): OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.82), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
OR 0.45 [0.25, 0.82]
9 studies · 11892 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

All cause mortality · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for All cause mortality: HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.78), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
HR 0.72 [0.66, 0.78]
18 studies · 77155 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Rectal cancer · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Rectal cancer: OR 0.50 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.88), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
OR 0.50 [0.29, 0.88]
9 studies · 2050 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women and their infants..

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Small for gestational age: OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.67), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
OR 0.54 [0.44, 0.67]
6 studies · 6851 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Pre-eclampsia: OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.80), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
OR 0.56 [0.39, 0.80]
9 studies · 3230 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Head circumference (mm) · pregnant women and their infants..

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Head circumference: WMD 0.05 (95% CI -0.24 to 0.34), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
WMD 0.05 [-0.24, 0.34]
2 studies · 840 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Birth length · pregnant women and their infants..

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Birth length: WMD 0.19 (95% CI -0.26 to 0.65), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
WMD 0.19 [-0.26, 0.65]
2 studies · 840 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Birthweight (g) · pregnant women and their infants..

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Birth weight: WMD 130.9 (95% CI 75.1 to 186.7), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
WMD 130.9 [75.1, 186.7]
4 studies · 5541 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Gestational diabetes: OR 0.67 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.85), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
OR 0.67 [0.53, 0.85]
10 studies · 4112 participants
GRADE not reported