Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

91 questions · 91 findings · 2 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 2 · 2.2%GRADE not reported 10 · 11%Very low 42 · 46.2%Low 30 · 33%Moderate 4 · 4.4%High 3 · 3.3%

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia (number of women satisfied or very satisfied)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour or during the postnatal period (Pain relief described as poor)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

IM pethidine vs placebo

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of at least 40 mm after 30 minutes) · women in labour

IM pethidine may leads to higher maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 25 [1.56, 400.54]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain relief at 30 mins

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain relief at 60 mins

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (after 30 mins)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (after 60 mins)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain score 30 mins post analgesia)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain score 1 hour post‐analgesia)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain intensity (Severe) after 1 hour)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain score 1 hour after drug administration)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Mean doses of analgesia (non pre‐specified)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour (women with fair or poor relief)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

IM pethidine vs placebo

Additional analgesia required (epidural, pethidine and Entonox) · women in labour

IM pethidine may leads to lower additional analgesia required (epidural, pethidine and Entonox) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.54, 0.94]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain relief score)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain score (1 hour after drug administration))

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia (assessed 3 days postpartum)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia, maternal pain score or pain measured in labour, additional analgesia, epidural

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Maternal pan score or pain measured in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pan score or pain measured in labour (rated as good one day after birth)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low