Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

276 questions · 278 findings · 20 reviews

No studies found 80 · 28.8%GRADE not reported 51 · 18.3%Very low 81 · 29.1%Low 56 · 20.1%Moderate 10 · 3.6%High 0 · 0%

Electrical stimulation vs sham

Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation changes cure: number of women with self‐reported continence compared with sham treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs sham

Improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI (cured or improved) · women with stress urinary incontinence

Electrical stimulation may leads to higher improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI… compared with sham treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation changes participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Electrical stimulation showed no clear difference in participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review