Decrease in duration of attacks · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Levamisole (150 mg per day) showed no clear difference in decrease in duration of attacks compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4.29 [0.67, 27.24]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Decrease in number of ulcers · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Levamisole (150 mg per day) showed no clear difference in decrease in number of ulcers compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 7.88 [0.51, 121.96]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Adverse effects (narrative) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months)
SoF4. Adverse effects: single study narratively reported 4 participants (20%) in the bethanechol arm experienced adverse events (nausea, dizziness, blood pressure fall, cold perspiration or sporadic abdominal pain);…
1 study · 40 participants
Very low
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether cholinergics (bethanechol 15 mg/day) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: dizziness compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse event: tremor · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: tremor compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Abdominal pain · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: abdominal pains compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: headache · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: headache compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: urinary incontinence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: urinary incontinence compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Somnolence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: drowsiness compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: palpitations · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: palpitations compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: dry mouth · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: dry mouth compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
QoL · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months)
SoF1. Change in QoL short-term (mean Beck Depression Inventory, 0-63, lower better): this single study narratively reported that both intervention and placebo participants were less depressed at trial completion, but…
1 study · 37 participants
Very low
Adverse effects: drowsiness (gabapentin alone) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether anticonvulsants (gabapentin 300 mg/day) changes adverse effects: drowsiness (gabapentin alone) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Complete remission (no further aphthous episodes to 6 months) · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
The trial by de Abreu 2009 (high risk of bias) also assessed colchicine (n=23) versus placebo (n=20). The number with no further aphthous episodes at 6 months was not significantly different from placebo (Fisher's…
1 study · 43 participants
GRADE not reported
Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
There was a greater percentage of treatment interruptions in the colchicine group due to gastrointestinal adverse effects (Fisher's exact test P=0.009). The review noted potential evidence of harm at a dose of 1.5 mg…
1 study · 43 participants
GRADE not reported
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review