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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

31 questions · 31 findings · 4 reviews · Urology

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No studies found 3 · 9.7%GRADE not reported 2 · 6.5%Very low 3 · 9.7%Low 14 · 45.2%Moderate 9 · 29%High 0 · 0%

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any second‐line chemotherapy

Time to progression · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

It is very uncertain whether immune checkpoint inhibitors changes time to disease progression Range of compared with any second‐line chemotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any second‐line chemotherapy

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors may leads to lower discontinuation due to adverse events Range of compared with any second‐line chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any first‐line chemotherapy

Adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors probably leads to lower adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any first‐line chemotherapy

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed no clear difference in discontinuation due to adverse events Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review