Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

97 questions · 97 findings · 7 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

No studies found 6 · 6.2%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 18 · 18.6%Low 36 · 37.1%Moderate 35 · 36.1%High 2 · 2.1%

Calcineurin inhibitor vs IV cyclophosphamide

Adverse events: treatment failure (non response, serious infection, persistently elevated creatinine) at 6 months · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Calcineurin inhibitor probably leads to lower adverse events: treatment failure at 6 months (non response, serious… compared with IV cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitor vs IV cyclophosphamide

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Calcineurin inhibitor probably leads to lower adverse events: medications ceased due to adverse events compared with IV cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) avoidance and late CNI withdrawal vs standard dose CNI

Acute rejection: late withdrawal · kidney transplant recipients

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) avoidance and late CNI withdrawal probably leads to higher acute rejection: late withdrawal compared with standard dose CNI (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) avoidance and late CNI withdrawal vs standard dose CNI

Graft loss: late withdrawal · kidney transplant recipients

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) avoidance and late CNI withdrawal probably leads to lower graft loss: late withdrawal compared with standard dose CNI (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal + mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) vs standard dose CNI

Acute rejection · kidney transplant recipients

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal + mammalian target of… probably leads to higher acute rejection compared with standard dose CNI (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal + mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) vs standard dose CNI

Adverse events: hypertension · kidney transplant recipients

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal + mammalian target of… showed no clear difference in adverse events: hypertension compared with standard dose CNI (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal + mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) vs standard dose CNI

Adverse events: CMV infection · kidney transplant recipients

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal + mammalian target of… probably leads to lower adverse events: CMV Infection compared with standard dose CNI (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal + mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) vs standard dose CNI

Adverse events: malignancy · kidney transplant recipients

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal + mammalian target of… showed no clear difference in adverse events: malignancy compared with standard dose CNI (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review