Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

213 questions · 219 findings · 19 reviews

No studies found 25 · 11.4%GRADE not reported 33 · 15.1%Very low 70 · 32%Low 64 · 29.2%Moderate 18 · 8.2%High 9 · 4.1%

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium term ‐ midazolam vs haloperidol + promethazineNumber of participants sedated · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to higher tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium term ‐ midazolam vs… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to higher global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global impression ‐ need for additional medication ‐ medium term Number of participants requiring additional medication · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines showed no clear difference in global state: need for additional medication ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Global impression ‐ need for additional medication ‐ medium term Number of participants requiring additional medication · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes global state: need for additional medication ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium termNumber… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Global state: no improvement ‐ vs haloperidol ‐ medium term As defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines showed no clear difference in global state: no improvement ‐ vs haloperidol ‐ medium term As… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Global state: no improvement ‐ vs olanzapine ‐ medium term As defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes global state: no improvement ‐ vs olanzapine ‐ medium term As… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Desired sedation ‐ ultra short term ‐ asleep at 12 hours · patients with schizophrenia

BENZODIAZEPINES showed no clear difference in desired sedation ‐ ultra short term ‐ asleep at 12 hours compared with ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

No clinically important response to treatment ‐ ultra short term (at 12 hours) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether BENZODIAZEPINES changes no clinically important response to treatment ‐ ultra short term (at… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

No clinically important response to treatment ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether BENZODIAZEPINES changes no clinically important response to treatment ‐ short term compared with ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review