Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

85 questions · 89 findings · 9 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 26 · 29.2%GRADE not reported 10 · 11.2%Very low 22 · 24.7%Low 22 · 24.7%Moderate 8 · 9%High 1 · 1.1%

Dietary interventions vs standard practice

School achievement: Additional educational support needs · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Dietary interventions vs standard practice

Cognitive function: Composite executive functions · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Dietary interventions vs standard practice

Cognitive function: Inhibition control · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Dietary interventions vs standard practice

Adverse events · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Emotional and behavioural problems (parent report) Scales used: BSI‐II, BSQ, CAPES, CBCL, CBQ postintervention · young children

Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in emotional and behavioural problems (parent report) Scales used:… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 280 participants
Low

Physical activity vs standard practice

School achievement: Average achievement across subjects taught at school · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Physical activity vs standard practice

School achievement: Mathematics · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 255 participants
Moderate

Physical activity vs standard practice

School achievement: Reading · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 308 participants
Moderate

Physical activity vs standard practice

School achievement: Additional educational support needs · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Physical activity vs standard practice

Cognitive function: Composite executive functions · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 116 participants
High

Physical activity vs standard practice

Cognitive function: Inhibition control · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 84 participants
Very low

Physical activity vs standard practice

Adverse events · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

CBT vs no treatment or treatment

Recidivism: any sexual or nonsexual offence (no study reported data on this outcome) · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

CBT vs no treatment or treatment

Adverse events None of the included studies evaluated adverse events · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

CBT vs no treatment or treatment

Sexual attitudes and behaviour · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 18 participants
Very low

CBT vs no treatment or treatment

Thinking patterns (no study reported data on this outcome) · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

CBT vs no treatment or treatment

Victim empathy: attitudes to women Measured by: Attitude Towards Women Scale (15 items; scores range from 0 to 45; higher scores indicate more egalitarian attitudes towards women) · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 18 participants
Very low

CBT vs no treatment or treatment

Social functioning · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

CBT vs no treatment or treatment

Emotional self‐regulation and impulse control (no study reported data on this outcome) · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

CBT vs non‐pharmacological intervention

ADHD symptom severity: clinician rated · adults with ADHD (available evidence for participants aged between 25 to 53 years old)

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 97 participants
Low