Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (burning mouth syndrome)
Cognitive (behavioural) therapy led to lower burning mouth pain intensity (6-month follow-up) compared with attention placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -2.79 [-3.83, -1.75]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Burning mouth pain intensity (post-treatment) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (burning mouth syndrome)
Cognitive (behavioural) therapy led to lower burning mouth pain intensity (post-treatment) compared with attention placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -2.40 [-3.40, -1.40]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) led to lower patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no special instructions (control); GRADE not reported.
3 findings from 1 review
MD -27.91 [-40.10, -15.72]
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -6.50 [-17.64, 4.64]
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -20.67 [-32.12, -9.22]
1 study · 24 participants
Very low
Adverse effects of pain treatment · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in burning mouth symptoms · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (burning mouth syndrome)
Cognitive behavioural (group psychotherapy) therapy showed no clear difference in improvement in burning mouth symptoms compared with placebo pill; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.77 [0.98, 3.21]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide/oxygen changes behaviour (Houpt/behavioural score) compared with placebo (including no intervention) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
It is very uncertain whether oral diazepam changes behaviour (Houpt/behavioural score) compared with placebo (including no intervention) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
It is very uncertain whether intravenous midazolam changes behaviour (Houpt/behavioural score) compared with placebo (including no intervention) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
Oral midazolam probably leads to higher behaviour (Houpt/behavioural score) compared with placebo (including no intervention) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Muscle pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Joint pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
It is very uncertain whether occlusal splint changes joint pain at rest compared with behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Recurrence · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Range of mandibular motion · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal splint showed no clear difference in range of mandibular motion compared with behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Participant satisfaction or quality of life · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal splint showed no clear difference in participant satisfaction or quality of life compared with behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review