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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
10,375 questions in 429 reviews · Oral Health
current versionsNo studies 1,344 · 13%Ungraded 6,832 · 65.9%Very low 1,228 · 11.8%Low 613 · 5.9%Moderate 290 · 2.8%High 68 · 0.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Primary surgical intervention (curettage, peripheral osteotomy, or resection) vs Primary non-surgical intervention (intralesional corticosteroids, subcutaneous calcitonin, interferon alpha, or imatinib) Overall survival · Patients with a pathological diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws Interventions for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Inlay autogenous bone graft (iliac crest) vs Inlay bone substitute (Bio-Oss block) Perimplant bone loss · Patients with atrophic posterior mandibles (5 to 7 mm above the mandibular canal) needing implants · 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | MD -0.21 [-0.76, 0.34] | 1 study · 10 participants | Ungraded |
Aesthetic (resin-veneered) crowns vs Conventional metal (stainless steel) crowns Restoration failure at 6 months · Children aged 12 years or younger with tooth decay involving at least one tooth in the primary dentition, symptomatic… · 6 months Dental fillings for the treatment of caries in the primary dentition (2009) · Cochrane | OR 3.29 [0.12, 89.81] | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Inlay autogenous bone graft (iliac crest) vs Inlay bone substitute (Bio-Oss block) Vertical bone gain · Patients with atrophic posterior mandibles (5 to 7 mm above the mandibular canal) needing implants · Up to 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | MD -1.1 [-2.61, 0.41] | 1 study · 10 participants | Ungraded |
Calcitonin (salmon calcitonin nasal spray 200 IU/day) vs Placebo Increase in volume of more than 10% compared to the pretreatment measurement · Patients with histologically confirmed CGCG in one or both jaws and normal serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH)… · 3 months Interventions for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws (2009) · Cochrane | RR 3.0 [0.40, 22.30] | 1 study · 14 participants | Ungraded |
Prophylactic aciclovir (oral or intravenous) vs Placebo Amount of analgesia · Patients being treated for cancer (predominantly haematological malignancies) Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | None of the prophylactic aciclovir versus placebo trials reported on amount of analgesia. For prevention or treatment, no trials reported on duration of hospital stay, amount of analgesia or patient quality of life. | 0 studies | No studies |
Bioresorbable plates or screws (or both) vs Titanium plates or screws (used as lag screws) or both Quality of life (validated questionnaire) · Participants over 18 years of age with fractures of the facial skeleton including the mandible, maxilla, zygoma… · Up to 3 years postoperatively Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures (2009) · Cochrane | Planned secondary outcome not assessed: none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria, so no data were available for analysis. Verbatim (Effects of interventions): "Although 53 studies were retrieved in our… | 0 studies | No studies |
Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs Placebo Recurrence of lesions · Patients being treated for cancer with established oral HSV infection (bone marrow transplant recipients /… Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | For the treatment comparison (aciclovir versus placebo), no data were available for recurrence of lesions, amount of analgesia, days of stay in hospital, cost of oral care or patient quality of life. | 0 studies | No studies |
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD; Emdogain) vs Placebo or control (same surgical or non-surgical intervention without EMD) Aesthetics · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony… · 1 year (time-points 1, 5 and 10 years planned) Enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®) for periodontal tissue regeneration in intrabony defects (2009) · Cochrane | MD 1.0 [-5.4, 7.4] | 1 study · 166 participants | Low |
Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs Placebo Duration of viral shedding · Patients being treated for cancer with established oral HSV infection (bone marrow transplant recipients /… Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | Two studies. Statistically significant difference in median duration of virus shedding in favour of intravenous aciclovir (2.5 days versus 17.0 days, P = 0.0002; Meyers 1982) and oral aciclovir (2 days versus more than… | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Primary surgical intervention (curettage, peripheral osteotomy, or resection) vs Primary non-surgical intervention (intralesional corticosteroids, subcutaneous calcitonin, interferon alpha, or imatinib) Disease-free survival · Patients with a pathological diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws Interventions for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Primary surgical intervention (curettage, peripheral osteotomy, or resection) vs Primary non-surgical intervention (intralesional corticosteroids, subcutaneous calcitonin, interferon alpha, or imatinib) Resectability · Patients with a pathological diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws Interventions for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Primary surgical intervention (curettage, peripheral osteotomy, or resection) vs Primary non-surgical intervention (intralesional corticosteroids, subcutaneous calcitonin, interferon alpha, or imatinib) Quality of life · Patients with a pathological diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws Interventions for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Prophylactic aciclovir (oral or intravenous) vs Placebo Patient quality of life · Patients being treated for cancer (predominantly haematological malignancies) Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | None of the prophylactic aciclovir versus placebo trials reported on patient quality of life. For prevention or treatment, no trials reported on duration of hospital stay, amount of analgesia or patient quality of life. | 0 studies | No studies |
Compomer (Dyract) vs Amalgam (Tytin) Secondary caries at 24 months · Children aged 12 years or younger with tooth decay involving at least one tooth in the primary dentition, symptomatic… · 24 months Dental fillings for the treatment of caries in the primary dentition (2009) · Cochrane | OR 3.13 [0.12, 80.68] | 1 study · 48 participants | Ungraded |
Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs Placebo Relief of pain · Patients being treated for cancer with established oral HSV infection (bone marrow transplant recipients /… Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | Time to first decrease in pain was significantly shorter in favour of oral aciclovir (median 3 days versus 16 days, P = 0.04; Shepp 1985). Time to complete resolution of pain was shorter with oral aciclovir than… | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Any denture cleansing method (mechanical or chemical) vs Another method, sham/placebo, or no treatment Outcome NR · Adults (over 18) wearing complete dentures (CD) or removable partial dentures (RPD) Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Although six RCTs were included in this review, the wide range of different interventions and outcome variables did not permit pooling of data in a meta-analysis. Isolated reports indicated that chemicals and brushing… | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Autogenous inlay bone graft (iliac crest) vs Autogenous onlay bone graft (iliac crest) Graft failure · Patients with deficient posterior mandibles (4.5 to 10 mm above the mandibular canal) needing implants · Up to 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 1.33 [0.07, 24.32] | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
Calcitonin (salmon calcitonin nasal spray 200 IU/day) vs Placebo Adverse events · Patients with histologically confirmed CGCG in one or both jaws and normal serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH)… Interventions for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws (2009) · Cochrane | Adverse events were not described separately for each group. Trialists reported that adverse events were in most patients minimal and consisted of nausea, flushes and some dizziness. One patient had diarrhoea which… | 1 study · 14 participants | Ungraded |
Bioresorbable plates or screws (or both) vs Titanium plates or screws (used as lag screws) or both Postoperative swelling assessment · Participants over 18 years of age with fractures of the facial skeleton including the mandible, maxilla, zygoma… · 0 to 48 hours after surgery Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures (2009) · Cochrane | Planned secondary outcome not assessed: none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria, so no data were available for analysis. Verbatim (Effects of interventions): "Although 53 studies were retrieved in our… | 0 studies | No studies |
Brushing vs No treatment Total anaerobes (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD -1.06 [-1.39, -0.73] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Effervescent tablets vs No treatment Fusobacteria (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD -3.71 [-4.16, -3.26] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Compomer (Dyract) vs Amalgam (Tytin) Marginal integrity (cervical) failures at 24 months · Children aged 12 years or younger with tooth decay involving at least one tooth in the primary dentition, symptomatic… · 24 months Dental fillings for the treatment of caries in the primary dentition (2009) · Cochrane | Marginal integrity (cervical) failures at 24 months: odds ratio not estimable - no events recorded at this interval. | 1 study · 48 participants | Ungraded |
Compomer (Dyract) vs Amalgam (Tytin) Surface texture failures at 24 months · Children aged 12 years or younger with tooth decay involving at least one tooth in the primary dentition, symptomatic… · 24 months Dental fillings for the treatment of caries in the primary dentition (2009) · Cochrane | OR 1.00 [0.22, 4.56] | 1 study · 48 participants | Ungraded |
Aesthetic (resin-veneered) crowns vs Conventional metal (stainless steel) crowns Occlusion at 6 months · Children aged 12 years or younger with tooth decay involving at least one tooth in the primary dentition, symptomatic… · 6 months Dental fillings for the treatment of caries in the primary dentition (2009) · Cochrane | Occlusion at 6 months: odds ratio not estimable - no events recorded at the 6-month evaluation. | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
1-stage (non-submerged) implant placement vs 2-stage (submerged) implant placement Aesthetics evaluated by dentists (soft tissue recession) · Any subject receiving osseointegrated dental implants · 6 to 12 months after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement (2009) · Cochrane | MD -0.20 [-0.67, 0.27] | 1 study · 29 participants | Ungraded |
Inlay autogenous bone graft (iliac crest) vs Inlay bone substitute (Bio-Oss block) Patient preference · Patients with atrophic posterior mandibles (5 to 7 mm above the mandibular canal) needing implants · 1 month after definitive prostheses Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 0.03 [0.00, 0.64] | 1 study · 10 participants | Ungraded |
Prophylactic valaciclovir (lower dose) vs Prophylactic valaciclovir (higher dose) Presence/absence of HSV oral lesions · Patients being treated for cancer (acute leukaemia; chemotherapy or stem-cell transplantation) Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.05, 1.03] | 2 studies · 181 participants | Ungraded |
Inlay/interposed bone graft (iliac or Bio-Oss block) + longer implants (vertical augmentation) vs Short implants (8 to 11 mm) without augmentation Experienced the operation negatively · Patients with atrophic (resorbed) mandibles (anterior 6 to 12 mm; posterior 7 to 8 mm) needing implants · 3 weeks post-surgery Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 3.0 [0.79, 11.44] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Brushing vs No treatment Fusobacteria (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD -0.89 [-1.55, -0.23] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Brushing vs Effervescent tablets Fusobacteria (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD 3.62 [2.98, 4.26] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs Placebo Days stay in hospital · Patients being treated for cancer with established oral HSV infection (bone marrow transplant recipients /… Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | For the treatment comparison (aciclovir versus placebo), no data were available for recurrence of lesions, amount of analgesia, days of stay in hospital, cost of oral care or patient quality of life. | 0 studies | No studies |
Inlay autogenous bone graft (iliac crest) vs Inlay bone substitute (Bio-Oss block) Implant failure · Patients with atrophic posterior mandibles (5 to 7 mm above the mandibular canal) needing implants · Up to 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 1.0 [0.01, 82.26] | 1 study · 10 participants | Ungraded |
1-stage (non-submerged) implant placement vs 2-stage (submerged) implant placement Prosthesis failure · Any subject receiving osseointegrated dental implants · 6 to 12 months after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.87 [0.33, 10.40] | 3 studies · 153 participants | Moderate |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Adverse reactions · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… · 1 year Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | Only Goudot 2000 reported adverse reactions. Arthroscopy group: one transient frontal palsy (during 3 months); one cervico-facial oedema requiring prolonged intubation (12 hours). Arthrocentesis group: two severe… | 1 study · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Vertical distraction osteogenesis vs Autogenous onlay bone graft (mandibular ramus) 1-year post-loading bone level changes · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | MD 0.09 [-0.26, 0.44] | 1 study · 17 participants | Ungraded |
Prophylactic aciclovir (oral or intravenous) vs Placebo Viral isolates (HSV isolates identified, with or without clinical symptoms) · Patients being treated for cancer (predominantly haematological malignancies) Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.17 [0.07, 0.37] | 9 studies · 511 participants | Ungraded |
Bioresorbable plates or screws (or both) vs Titanium plates or screws (used as lag screws) or both Degree of function postoperatively (mastication, swallowing, speech) · Participants over 18 years of age with fractures of the facial skeleton including the mandible, maxilla, zygoma… · Up to 3 years postoperatively Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures (2009) · Cochrane | Planned primary outcome not assessed: none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria, so no data were available for analysis. Verbatim (Effects of interventions): "Although 53 studies were retrieved in our… | 0 studies | No studies |
Effervescent tablets vs No treatment (immersion in distilled water) Microbial counts (total aerobes, anaerobes, yeasts) · Complete denture (CD) wearers in a nursing home Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Moore 1984: soaking methods resulted in significant reduction of total aerobes and anaerobes versus distilled water (paired t test, P < 0.05); three soaking methods (Clorox and Calgon, Polident, Effedent) were less… | 1 study · 12 participants | Ungraded |
Compomer (Dyract) vs Amalgam (Tytin) Cervical gaps on bitewing X-rays at 24 months · Children aged 12 years or younger with tooth decay involving at least one tooth in the primary dentition, symptomatic… · 24 months Dental fillings for the treatment of caries in the primary dentition (2009) · Cochrane | OR 1.00 [0.13, 7.75] | 1 study · 48 participants | Ungraded |
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD; Emdogain) vs Various bone grafting (BG) procedures (animal-derived or synthetic bone / bioactive ceramic filler) Aesthetics · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony… · 1 year (time-points 1, 5 and 10 years planned) Enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®) for periodontal tissue regeneration in intrabony defects (2009) · Cochrane | Aesthetics: no trial evaluated this. | 0 studies | No studies |
Association of brushing and effervescent tablets vs No treatment Total anaerobes (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD -6.70 [-7.45, -5.95] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs Placebo Amount of analgesia · Patients being treated for cancer with established oral HSV infection (bone marrow transplant recipients /… Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | For the treatment comparison (aciclovir versus placebo), no data were available for recurrence of lesions, amount of analgesia, days of stay in hospital, cost of oral care or patient quality of life. | 0 studies | No studies |
Brushing vs Effervescent tablets Visual plaque score · American complete denture (CD) wearers · 12 weeks Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Tarbet 1984 compared brushing with two types of effervescent tablets. No standard deviations were reported and therefore no data were entered for this outcome. Brushing was associated with significantly lower plaque… | 1 study · 75 participants | Ungraded |
Inlay autogenous bone graft (iliac crest) vs Inlay bone substitute (Bio-Oss block) Major complications · Patients with atrophic posterior mandibles (5 to 7 mm above the mandibular canal) needing implants · Up to 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 2.00 [0.11, 37.83] | 1 study · 10 participants | Ungraded |
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD; Emdogain) vs Placebo or control (same surgical or non-surgical intervention without EMD) Change in gingival recession (REC) · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony… · 1 year (time-points 1, 5 and 10 years planned) Enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®) for periodontal tissue regeneration in intrabony defects (2009) · Cochrane | MD 0.02 [-0.3, 0.3] | 6 studies · 302 participants | Low |
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD; Emdogain) vs Placebo or control (same surgical or non-surgical intervention without EMD) Change in marginal (radiographic) bone level · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony… · 1 year (time-points 1, 5 and 10 years planned) Enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®) for periodontal tissue regeneration in intrabony defects (2009) · Cochrane | No statistically significant difference between EMD and control for radiographic bone gain (three trials; P effect = 0.27, I2 = 78%). | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Aesthetic (resin-veneered) crowns vs Conventional metal (stainless steel) crowns Proximal contact at 6 months · Children aged 12 years or younger with tooth decay involving at least one tooth in the primary dentition, symptomatic… · 6 months Dental fillings for the treatment of caries in the primary dentition (2009) · Cochrane | Proximal contact at 6 months: odds ratio not estimable - no events recorded at the 6-month evaluation. | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD; Emdogain) vs Various bone grafting (BG) procedures (animal-derived or synthetic bone / bioactive ceramic filler) Change in probing attachment level (PAL) · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony… · 1 year (time-points 1, 5 and 10 years planned) Enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®) for periodontal tissue regeneration in intrabony defects (2009) · Cochrane | No statistically significant differences (one trial, Leknes 2009). | 1 study | Ungraded |
Enzyme cleanser vs Placebo / sham solution Microbial counts (hyphae and bacteria) · Institutionalised elderly wearing maxillary complete dentures (CD) · 12 weeks Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Lower hyphal and bacterial scores were also found for 'E' when compared with 'Plac' after 12 weeks. It was not possible to extract adequate data as the investigators did not provide standard deviations. | 1 study | Ungraded |