Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

480 questions · 484 findings · 52 reviews · Musculoskeletal

No studies found 114 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 24 · 5%Very low 33 · 6.8%Low 145 · 30%Moderate 116 · 24%High 52 · 10.7%

Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% Complete resolution of SPADI pain · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

It is very uncertain whether pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) changes participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% Complete resolution of SPADI… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Folic or folinic acid (any) vs placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis

Folic or folinic acid (any) probably leads to lower GI side effects (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Folic acid vs placebo

Liver toxicity (incidence of transaminase elevation) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis

Folic acid probably leads to lower liver toxicity (ie, incidence of transaminase elevation) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review