Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,751 questions · 12,775 findings · 807 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,413 · 26.7%GRADE not reported 709 · 5.5%Very low 3,483 · 27.3%Low 3,165 · 24.8%Moderate 1,628 · 12.7%High 377 · 3%

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Lesinurad 400 mg plus allopurinol vs placebo plus allopurinol

Proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus allopurinol showed no clear difference in proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus compared with placebo plus allopurinol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.42, 1.49]
2 studies · 98 participants
Moderate

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED

Proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED showed no clear difference in proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus compared with lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.85, 1.46]
1 study · 129 participants
Low

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED

Total adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.96, 1.32]
1 study · 129 participants
Low

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED

Withdrawals due to adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED showed no clear difference in number of participant withdrawals due to adverse events compared with lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.44, 2.2]
1 study · 129 participants
Low

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) vs placebo

Joint pain reduction ‐ not reported · participants with tophi in gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED

Mean sUA at end of 12 months · participants with tophi in gout

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 129 participants
Low

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CROSS vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CROSS

Proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CROSS showed no clear difference in proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus compared with lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CROSS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [0.7, 1.98]
1 study · 67 participants
Low

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CROSS vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CROSS

Total adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CROSS showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CROSS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [1, 1.41]
1 study · 67 participants
Low

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CROSS vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CROSS

Withdrawals due to adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CROSS showed no clear difference in number of participant withdrawals due to adverse events compared with lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CROSS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.43 [0.51, 11.64]
1 study · 67 participants
Low

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CROSS vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CROSS

Mean sUA at end of 12 months · participants with tophi in gout

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 67 participants
Low

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) vs placebo

Quality of life ‐ not reported · participants with tophi in gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) vs placebo

Serum urate normalisation ‐ not reported · participants with tophi in gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) vs placebo

Function ‐ not reported · participants with tophi in gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) probably leads to higher number of participant withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.59 [1.04, 55.55]
1 study · 128 participants
Moderate

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) vs placebo

Total adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.91, 1.07]
1 study · 128 participants
Moderate

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus · participants with tophi in gout

Monthly pegloticase showed no clear difference in proportion with complete resolution of tophi compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.86 [0.68, 11.97]
1 study · 79 participants
Moderate

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Joint pain reduction ‐ not reported · participants with tophi in gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Peer support vs usual care

Psychological distress Measures: ‐ Parenting Stress Index (PSI‐SF) ‐ Psychiatric Symptom Index (PSI) ‐ PSI anxiety sub‐scale ‐ State anxiety inventory ‐ Center for Epidemological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) ‐ Profile of Mood State Inventory (... · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 864 participants
Very low

Peer support vs usual care

Confidence and self‐efficacy · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 542 participants
Low

Peer support vs usual care

Perception of coping · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 293 participants
Very low