Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,695 questions · 4,979 findings · 433 reviews

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No studies found 998 · 20%GRADE not reported 1,140 · 22.9%Very low 1,024 · 20.6%Low 1,029 · 20.7%Moderate 636 · 12.8%High 152 · 3.1%

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during treatment period · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1.18 [0.97, 1.44]
9 studies · 41652 participants
Very low

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Major extracranial haemorrhage during treatment period · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes major extracranial haemorrhage during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1.69 [1.35, 2.11]
7 studies · 41042 participants
Very low

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Complete recovery from stroke (post hoc) · acute ischaemic stroke

Antiplatelet drug probably leads to higher complete recovery from stroke (post hoc) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1.06 [1.01, 1.11]
2 studies · 40541 participants
Moderate

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Global evaluation · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant probably leads to lower global evaluation compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.31 [0.2, 0.48]
6 studies · 565 participants
Moderate

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: all · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant leads to higher adverse effects: all compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.62 [1.18, 2.23]
6 studies · 1797 participants
High

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, lethargy, excessive sleepiness, and other central nervous system adverse effects · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, lethargy, excessive… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.34 [0.76, 2.37]
5 studies · 1644 participants
Moderate

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: dry mouth · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: dry mouth compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.43 [0.53, 3.83]
3 studies · 764 participants
Low

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: gastrointestinal compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.71 [0.97, 3.01]
5 studies · 1644 participants
High

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: dizziness, lightheadedness · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant leads to higher adverse effects: dizziness, lightheadedness compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.86 [1.02, 8.01]
4 studies · 1287 participants
High

Antihistamine‐analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Global evaluation · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐analgesic‐decongestant showed no clear difference in global evaluation: after 3 days of treatment (included children 2 to… compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.34 [0.09, 1.31]
1 study · 109 participants
Low
Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.47 [0.33, 0.67]
2 studies · 548 participants
Low

Antihistamine‐analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Global evaluation: after 5 days of treatment (included children 2 to 12 years old only) · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐analgesic‐decongestant showed no clear difference in global evaluation: after 5 days of treatment (included children 2 to… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.17 [0.49, 2.77]
1 study · 83 participants
Low

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: all · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: all compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.58 [0.78, 3.21]
7 studies · 842 participants
Moderate

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.38 [0.63, 3]
5 studies · 692 participants
Low

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: dry mouth · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant leads to higher adverse effects: dry mouth compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.75 [1.74, 8.1]
4 studies · 640 participants
High

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: insomnia · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: insomnia compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.89 [0.88, 9.56]
2 studies · 344 participants
Moderate

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: gastrointestinal upset · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: gastrointestinal upset compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.81 [0.64, 12.33]
2 studies · 296 participants
Moderate

Antihistamine‐analgesic vs placebo

Global evaluation · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐analgesic probably leads to lower global evaluation compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.33 [0.23, 0.46]
1 study · 582 participants
Moderate

Antihistamine‐analgesic vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐analgesic showed no clear difference in adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.64 [0.48, 5.59]
2 studies · 272 participants
Low

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Global evaluation · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant probably leads to lower global evaluation compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.28 [0.15, 0.52]
1 study · 181 participants
Moderate

ESA with or without iron vs no treatment

On‐study mortality3 (Subnet based on 55 studies including 15,074 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy

ESA with or without iron showed no clear difference in on‐study mortality3 (Subnet based on 55 studies including 15,074… compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA) for cancer… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.13 [0.01, 2.29]
Studies not reported
Low