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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

359 questions · 373 findings · 16 reviews

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No studies found 161 · 43.2%GRADE not reported 38 · 10.2%Very low 61 · 16.4%Low 67 · 18%Moderate 35 · 9.4%High 11 · 2.9%

Summary of findings table ‐ Two pumps of 10% cervical lidocaine spray and paracervical block vs two pumps of cervical normal saline spray and paracervical block

Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ 2 site (4‐8 o?clock) paracervical block vs 4 site (2‐4‐8‐10 o?clock) paracervical block

Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at less than 11 weeks' gestation (Renner 2016) and seven to 12 weeks' gestation (Glantz 2001)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% lidocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block

Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Persistent pain 3 to 8 months after caesarean section (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient interview between 3 to... · women after caesarean section

The intervention probably leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 8 months after caesarean section (We defined… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review