Overall survival · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Palifermin showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
HR 1.00 [0.72, 1.39]
3 studies
Moderate
Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) may leads to lower oral mucositis (severe) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary flow rate · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
1 finding from 1 review
Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Adults receiving bone marrow/stem cell transplantation after conditioning therapy for haematological cancers
Erythropoietin mouthwash led to lower oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary flow rate (unstimulated) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
It is very uncertain whether pilocarpine changes salivary flow rate (unstimulated) compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Survival (overall survival and locoregional control) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · Adults with cancer receiving treatment
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Locoregional control · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Amifostine (intravenous) showed no clear difference in locoregional tumour control compared with amifostine (subcutaneous); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
HR 1.34 [0.76, 2.36]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Survival · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Cost (mean per-patient supportive care costs) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
1 finding from 1 review
Dry mouth (xerostomia) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Pilocarpine led to lower xerostomia (objective, LENT-SOMA scale) compared with no treatment/placebo; GRADE not reported.
3 findings from 1 review
MD -0.40 [-0.69, -0.11]
1 study · 39 participants
GRADE not reported
RR 1.00 [0.92, 1.08]
2 studies · 48 participants
GRADE not reported
SMD -0.35 [-1.04, 0.33]
2 studies · 126 participants
Very low
Taste acuity improvement - objective outcome (continuous) - individual taste sensations · Patients with taste disturbances (dysgeusia/hypogeusia; idiopathic, zinc-deficient, or secondary to chronic renal failure)
Zinc supplements (zinc sulphate, zinc gluconate, zinc picolinate,… showed no clear difference in taste acuity improvement - objective outcome (continuous) -… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for managing taste disturbances 2017 · Cochrane All outcomesChronic renal failure
Results (Mahajan 1980, chronic renal failure; Analysis 1.3): mean difference by taste sensation - salt MD 285 (95% CI 238.75 to 331.25); sweet MD 190 (142.36 to 237.64); sour MD 10 (-16.43 to 36.43); bitter MD 2.40…
1 study · 22 participants
GRADE not reported
Salivary flow rate · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects (other reported events) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
1 finding from 1 review
Alopecia, skin toxicity, hot flush, drowsiness, sneezing, hiccupping, dizziness and fatigue reported narratively or only for the amifostine group; insufficient evidence of a difference
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Xerostomia (grade >= 2, 0-4 scale) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Amifostine may leads to lower xerostomia (grade >= 2, 0-4 scale) compared with no treatment/placebo (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 0.35 [0.19, 0.67]
3 studies · 119 participants
Low
RR 0.70 [0.40, 1.23]
7 studies · 682 participants
Low
RR 0.66 [0.48, 0.92]
5 studies · 687 participants
Low
Allergic adverse events · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Amifostine may leads to higher allergic response (adverse effect) compared with no treatment/placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · Adults with cancer receiving treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Taste disturbance (severe, > 2 on 0-3 scale) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Polaprezinc led to lower taste disturbance (severe, > 2 on 0-3 scale) compared with azulene oral rinse; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
1 finding from 1 review
No evidence of a difference in reported adverse events across the three trials (nausea, fever, constipation, diarrhoea, headache, fatigue and others)
3 studies
GRADE not reported