Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,736 questions · 15,265 findings · 1,163 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,871 · 25.4%GRADE not reported 810 · 5.3%Very low 4,242 · 27.8%Low 3,879 · 25.4%Moderate 1,999 · 13.1%High 464 · 3%

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Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs placebo

Duration of bleeding Total bleeding in 90 days (bleeding calendar)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Mefanamic acid vs Vitex agnus

Menstrual blood loss PBAC score

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Mefanamic acid vs Vitex agnus

Nausea

Mefanamic acid showed no clear difference in side effects: nausea compared with vitex agnus; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.06, 16.53]
1 participants
GRADE not reported

Mefanamic acid vs Vitex agnus

Abdominal pain

Mefanamic acid showed no clear difference in side effects: abdominal pain compared with vitex agnus; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.33 [0.01, 8.22]
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Tranexamic acid vs sodium diclofenac

Pelvic pain

It is very uncertain whether tranexamic acid changes pelvic pain compared with sodium diclofenac (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.06, 17.25]
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Naproxen vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Naproxen vs placebo

Relief of pain

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Naproxen vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Naproxen vs placebo

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia)

Naproxen showed no clear difference in need for additional analgesia (self‐recorded) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.29 [0.05, 1.8]
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Naproxen vs placebo

Gastrointestinal effects

Naproxen showed no clear difference in side effects: gastrointestinal symptoms compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.11 [0.18, 25.17]
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Percentage days bleeding or spotting (questionnaire)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 118 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events or side effects

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Menstrual blood loss

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Duration of bleeding Median number of bleed days (diary)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 168 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Side effects: gastrointestinal disorders, headache, breast tenderness, musculoskeletal disorders

The intervention showed no clear difference in side effects: gastrointestinal disorders, headache, breast… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.49, 2.02]
1 study · 168 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Mifepristone vs vitamin B

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Duration of bleeding % spotting and bleeding days

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Naproxen vs estradiol

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Duration of bleeding Median number of bleeding and spotting days (diary)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 106 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Side effects: gastroesophageal reflux

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes side effects: gastroesophageal reflux (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.22 [0.13, 81.19]
1 study · 86 participants
Very low