Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,587 questions · 5,761 findings · 495 reviews

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No studies found 1,011 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 1,797 · 31.2%Very low 1,100 · 19.1%Low 1,052 · 18.3%Moderate 649 · 11.3%High 152 · 2.6%

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Antiplatelet drug vs control

Recurrent ischaemic or unknown stroke during treatment period · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes recurrent ischaemic/unknown stroke during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 0.79 [0.7, 0.88]
9 studies · 41652 participants
Very low

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during treatment period · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1.18 [0.97, 1.44]
9 studies · 41652 participants
Very low

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Major extracranial haemorrhage during treatment period · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes major extracranial haemorrhage during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1.69 [1.35, 2.11]
7 studies · 41042 participants
Very low

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Complete recovery from stroke (post hoc) · acute ischaemic stroke

Antiplatelet drug probably leads to higher complete recovery from stroke (post hoc) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1.06 [1.01, 1.11]
2 studies · 40541 participants
Moderate

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Global evaluation · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant probably leads to lower global evaluation compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.31 [0.2, 0.48]
6 studies · 565 participants
Moderate

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: all · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant leads to higher adverse effects: all compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.62 [1.18, 2.23]
6 studies · 1797 participants
High

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, lethargy, excessive sleepiness, and other central nervous system adverse effects · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, lethargy, excessive… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.34 [0.76, 2.37]
5 studies · 1644 participants
Moderate

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: dry mouth · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: dry mouth compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.43 [0.53, 3.83]
3 studies · 764 participants
Low

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: gastrointestinal compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.71 [0.97, 3.01]
5 studies · 1644 participants
High

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: dizziness, lightheadedness · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant leads to higher adverse effects: dizziness, lightheadedness compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.86 [1.02, 8.01]
4 studies · 1287 participants
High

Antihistamine‐analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Global evaluation · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐analgesic‐decongestant showed no clear difference in global evaluation: after 3 days of treatment (included children 2 to… compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.34 [0.09, 1.31]
1 study · 109 participants
Low
Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.47 [0.33, 0.67]
2 studies · 548 participants
Low

Antihistamine‐analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Global evaluation: after 5 days of treatment (included children 2 to 12 years old only) · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐analgesic‐decongestant showed no clear difference in global evaluation: after 5 days of treatment (included children 2 to… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.17 [0.49, 2.77]
1 study · 83 participants
Low

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: all · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: all compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.58 [0.78, 3.21]
7 studies · 842 participants
Moderate

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.38 [0.63, 3]
5 studies · 692 participants
Low

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: dry mouth · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant leads to higher adverse effects: dry mouth compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.75 [1.74, 8.1]
4 studies · 640 participants
High

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: insomnia · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: insomnia compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.89 [0.88, 9.56]
2 studies · 344 participants
Moderate

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: gastrointestinal upset · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: gastrointestinal upset compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.81 [0.64, 12.33]
2 studies · 296 participants
Moderate

Antihistamine‐analgesic vs placebo

Global evaluation · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐analgesic probably leads to lower global evaluation compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.33 [0.23, 0.46]
1 study · 582 participants
Moderate

Antihistamine‐analgesic vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐analgesic showed no clear difference in adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.64 [0.48, 5.59]
2 studies · 272 participants
Low

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Global evaluation · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant probably leads to lower global evaluation compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.28 [0.15, 0.52]
1 study · 181 participants
Moderate