Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 208 RCTs Total participants: 42,445 Number of treatments: 53 Geometry of the network** · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
208 studies · 42445 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Dolasetron (10 RCTs; 3990 participants) · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 3990 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Granisetron (15 RCTs; 1639 participants) · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 1639 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Ondansetron (57 RCTs; 12260 participants) · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
57 studies · 12260 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Palonosetron (7 RCTs; 1259 participants) · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1259 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Ramosetron (14 RCTs; 1529 participants) · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 1529 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Tropisetron (10 RCTs; 1656 participants) · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1656 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

D2 receptor antagonists · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amisulpride (2 RCTs; 904 participants) · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 904 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Droperidol (22 RCTs; 3679 participants) · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22 studies · 3679 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Haloperidol (2 RCTs; 99 participants) · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 99 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Metoclopramide (11 RCTs; 1313 participants) · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 1313 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Incidence of AAD · Children receiving antibiotic treatment between 4 and 28 days duration for a variety of infections

The intervention probably leads to lower incidence of AAD (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.45 [0.36, 0.56]
33 studies · 6352 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · Children receiving antibiotic treatment between 4 and 28 days duration for a variety of infections

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
24 studies · 4415 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Microbiome characteristics · Children receiving antibiotic treatment between 4 and 28 days duration for a variety of infections

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

Comparison 2: any simplified antibiotic regimen vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

Comparison 2: any simplified antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with the standard antibiotic regimen (7 days injectable benzylpenicillin… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.44, 1.5]
3 studies · 3476 participants
Moderate

Comparison 2: any simplified antibiotic regimen vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Treatment failure · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

Comparison 2: any simplified antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in treatment failure compared with the standard antibiotic regimen (7 days injectable benzylpenicillin… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.67, 1.1]
3 studies · 3476 participants
Moderate

Comparison 2: any simplified antibiotic regimen vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Adverse events · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

Comparison 2: any simplified antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with the standard antibiotic regimen (7 days injectable benzylpenicillin… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.38 [0.79, 2.41]
3 studies · 3476 participants
Moderate

Effects of clinically‐indicated replacement vs routine change of peripheral intravenous catheters

Catheter‐related blood stream infection · any patient requiring a PIVC expected to remain in‐situ for at least 3 days

Effects of clinically‐indicated replacement showed no clear difference in catheter‐related blood stream infection (during hospitalisation) compared with routine change of peripheral intravenous catheters (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinically‐indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.61 [0.08, 4.68]
7 studies · 7323 participants
Low

Effects of clinically‐indicated replacement vs routine change of peripheral intravenous catheters

Thrombophlebitis (during hospitalisation) · any patient requiring a PIVC expected to remain in‐situ for at least 3 days

Effects of clinically‐indicated replacement showed no clear difference in thrombophlebitis (during hospitalisation) compared with routine change of peripheral intravenous catheters (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinically‐indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.93, 1.25]
7 studies · 7323 participants
Moderate