Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,752 questions · 6,648 findings · 688 reviews

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No studies found 1,125 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 670 · 10.1%Very low 1,796 · 27%Low 1,685 · 25.3%Moderate 1,075 · 16.2%High 297 · 4.5%

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Routine vaginal examination vs vaginal examinations

Positive birth experience (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Routine vaginal examination vs vaginal examinations

Augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

Routine vaginal examinations may leads to higher augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.55 [1.03, 6.31]
Studies not reported
Low

Routine vaginal examination vs vaginal examinations

Spontaneous vaginal birth · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in spontaneous vaginal birth (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1… compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.73, 1.59]
Studies not reported
Low

Routine vaginal examination vs vaginal examinations

Chorioamnionitis · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in chorioamnionitis (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.06 [0.13, 74.21]
Studies not reported
Low

Routine vaginal examination vs vaginal examinations

Neonatal infection · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in neonatal infection (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.08 [0.46, 35.87]
Studies not reported
Low

Routine vaginal examination vs vaginal examinations

Admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.04 [0.63, 6.56]
Studies not reported
Low

Routine vaginal examination vs vaginal examinations

Maternal pain (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Routine vaginal examination vs routine ultrasound

Spontaneous vaginal birth · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Routine vaginal examination vs routine ultrasound

Chorioamnionitis · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Routine vaginal examination vs routine ultrasound

Neonatal infection · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Routine vaginal examination vs routine ultrasound

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Routine vaginal examination vs routine ultrasound

Maternal pain (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Routine vaginal examination vs routine rectal examination

Positive birth experience (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women in labour at term

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Routine vaginal examination vs routine rectal examination

Augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women in labour at term

It is very uncertain whether routine vaginal examination changes augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: 307(1 RCT) compared with routine rectal examination (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.63, 1.68]
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Any reason · adults and children with focal seizures

1 finding from 1 review

Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 520 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Comparison (reference treatment) · adults and children with focal seizures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Carbamazepine · adults and children with focal seizures

1 finding from 1 review

Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 525 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Comparison (reference treatment) · adults and children with focal seizures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Lamotrigine · adults and children with focal seizures

1 finding from 1 review

Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 907 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Comparison (reference treatment) · adults and children with generalised seizures*

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found