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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Analysis 7 ‐ Collagen membrane with polyethylene glycol and glycerol vs Ringer's lactate Clinical pregnancy rate · patients with adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery Barrier agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 5.69 [1.38, 23.48] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Analysis 1 ‐ Oxidised regenerated cellulose vs no treatment at laparoscopy Adhesion score · women having gynaecological surgery Barrier agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Analysis 1 ‐ Oxidised regenerated cellulose vs no treatment at laparoscopy Incidence of adhesions ‐ de novo Incidence of adhesions at second‐look laparoscopy · women having gynaecological surgery Barrier agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.5 [0.3, 0.83] | 3 studies · 360 participants | Very low |
Analysis 1 ‐ Oxidised regenerated cellulose vs no treatment at laparoscopy Incidence of adhesions ‐ re‐formation (or mixture) Incidence of adhesions at second‐look laparoscopy · women having gynaecological surgery Barrier agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.17 [0.07, 0.41] | 3 studies · 100 participants | Very low |
Analysis 1 ‐ Oxidised regenerated cellulose vs no treatment at laparoscopy Clinical pregnancy rate · women having gynaecological surgery Barrier agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Analysis 2 ‐ Oxidised regenerated cellulose vs no treatment at laparotomy Pelvic pain · women having gynaecological surgery Barrier agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Analysis 2 ‐ Oxidised regenerated cellulose vs no treatment at laparotomy Live birth rate · women having gynaecological surgery Barrier agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Analysis 2 ‐ Oxidised regenerated cellulose vs no treatment at laparotomy Adhesion score · women having gynaecological surgery Barrier agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
LOD with and without medical ovulation vs medical ovulation induction alone Live birth · women with anovulatory PCOS and CC resistance Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.71 [0.54, 0.92] | 9 studies · 1015 participants | Low |
LOD of one ovary (unilateral) vs LOD of both ovaries (bilateral) Miscarriage · women with anovulatory PCOS and CC resistance Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (2020) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.02 [0.31, 3.33] | 2 studies · 131 participants | Very low |
LOD of one ovary (unilateral) vs LOD of both ovaries (bilateral) OHSS · women with anovulatory PCOS and CC resistance Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
LOD with and without medical ovulation vs medical ovulation induction alone Live birth (sensitivity analysis) · women with anovulatory PCOS and CC resistance Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.9 [0.59, 1.36] | 4 studies · 415 participants | Low |
LOD with and without medical ovulation vs medical ovulation induction alone Multiple pregnancy · women with anovulatory PCOS and CC resistance Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (2020) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.34 [0.18, 0.66] | 14 studies · 1161 participants | Moderate |
LOD with and without medical ovulation vs medical ovulation induction alone Clincial pregnancy · women with anovulatory PCOS and CC resistance Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.86 [0.72, 1.03] | 21 studies · 2016 participants | Low |
LOD with and without medical ovulation vs medical ovulation induction alone Miscarriage · women with anovulatory PCOS and CC resistance Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (2020) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.11 [0.78, 1.59] | 19 studies · 1909 participants | Low |
LOD with and without medical ovulation vs medical ovulation induction alone OHSS · women with anovulatory PCOS and CC resistance Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (2020) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.25 [0.07, 0.91] | 8 studies · 722 participants | Low |
LOD of one ovary (unilateral) vs LOD of both ovaries (bilateral) Live birth · women with anovulatory PCOS and CC resistance Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.24, 2.78] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
LOD of one ovary (unilateral) vs LOD of both ovaries (bilateral) Multiple pregnancy · women with anovulatory PCOS and CC resistance Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
LOD of one ovary (unilateral) vs LOD of both ovaries (bilateral) Clinical pregnancy · women with anovulatory PCOS and CC resistance Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.57 [0.39, 0.84] | 7 studies · 470 participants | Low |
Hydroflotation agents vs no hydroflotation agents (or placebo) Pelvic pain · women undergoing gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.05 [0.52, 2.09] | 1 study · 226 participants | Very low |
Gel agents vs no gel agents (or placebo) Mean adhesion score at second‐look laparoscopy · women undergoing gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 159 participants | Moderate |
Gel agents vs no gel agents (or placebo) Clinical pregnancy rate · women undergoing gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.2 [0.02, 2.02] | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Gel agents vs no gel agents (or placebo) Adverse events · women undergoing gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gel agents vs hydroflotation agents used Pelvic pain · women during gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gel agents vs hydroflotation agents used Live birth rate · women during gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gel agents vs hydroflotation agents used Incidence of adhesions at second‐look laparoscopy · women during gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.5 [0.31, 0.83] | 3 studies · 538 participants | Moderate |
Gel agents vs hydroflotation agents used Mean adhesion score at second‐look laparoscopy · women during gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Gel agents vs hydroflotation agents used Clinical pregnancy rate · women during gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gel agents vs hydroflotation agents used Adverse events · women during gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Steroids (any route) vs no steroids (or placebo) Pelvic pain · women after gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hydroflotation agents vs no hydroflotation agents (or placebo) Live birth rate · women undergoing gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.67 [0.29, 1.58] | 2 studies · 208 participants | Low |
Steroids (any route) vs no steroids (or placebo) Live birth rate · women after gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.65 | 2 studies · 223 participants | Low |
Steroids (any route) vs no steroids (or placebo) Incidence of adhesions at second‐look laparoscopy · women after gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Steroids (any route) vs no steroids (or placebo) Mean adhesion score at second‐look laparoscopy · women after gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Steroids (any route) vs no steroids (or placebo) Clinical pregnancy rate · women after gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.01 [0.66, 1.55] | 3 studies · 410 participants | Low |
Steroids (any route) vs no steroids (or placebo) Adverse events · women after gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hydroflotation agents vs no hydroflotation agents (or placebo) Incidence of adhesions at second‐look laparoscopy · women undergoing gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.34 [0.22, 0.55] | 4 studies · 566 participants | High |
Hydroflotation agents vs no hydroflotation agents (or placebo) Mean adhesion score at second‐look laparoscopy · women undergoing gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 722 participants | Moderate |
Hydroflotation agents vs no hydroflotation agents (or placebo) Clinical pregnancy rate · women undergoing gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.64 [0.36, 1.14] | 3 studies · 310 participants | Moderate |
Hydroflotation agents vs no hydroflotation agents (or placebo) Adverse events · women undergoing gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gel agents vs no gel agents (or placebo) Pelvic pain · women undergoing gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gel agents vs no gel agents (or placebo) Live birth rate · women undergoing gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gel agents vs no gel agents (or placebo) Incidence of adhesions at second‐look laparoscopy · women undergoing gynaecological surgery Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.26 [0.12, 0.57] | 5 studies · 147 participants | High |
IUI in a natural cycle vs TI or expectant management Live birth rates per couple (all cycles) · participants with unexplained subfertility Intra‐uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.6 [0.92, 2.78] | 1 study · 334 participants | Low |
IUI in a stimulated cycle vs TI or expectant management Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome rate per woman · participants with unexplained subfertility Intra‐uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 2.75 [0.11, 69.83] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
IUI in a stimulated cycle vs TI or expectant management Miscarriage rate per couple · participants with unexplained subfertility Intra‐uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.66 [0.56, 4.88] | 2 studies · 208 participants | Low |
IUI in a stimulated cycle vs TI or expectant management Ectopic pregnancy rate per couple · participants with unexplained subfertility Intra‐uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 3.06 [0.12, 76.95] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
IUI in a stimulated cycle vs TI or expectant management Live birth rate per couple (all cycles)‐ clomiphene citrate or letrozole · participants with unexplained subfertility Intra‐uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 4.48 [2, 10.01] | 1 study · 201 participants | Moderate |
IUI in a stimulated cycle vs TI or expectant management Live birth rate per couple (all cycles)‐ clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins · participants with unexplained subfertility Intra‐uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.82 [0.45, 1.49] | 1 study · 253 participants | Low |
IUI in a stimulated cycle vs TI or expectant management Multiple pregnancy rate per couple · participants with unexplained subfertility Intra‐uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 3.01 [0.47, 19.28] | 2 studies · 454 participants | Low |