Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

458 questions · 466 findings · 48 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 87 · 18.7%GRADE not reported 82 · 17.6%Very low 153 · 32.8%Low 111 · 23.8%Moderate 19 · 4.1%High 14 · 3%

Droperidol vs placebo

Global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after initial adequate sedation until ED discharge (various psychotropic drugs) · acute psychosis

Droperidol leads to lower global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Droperidol vs placebo

Adverse effects ‐ cardiovascular ‐ arrhythmia · acute psychosis

Droperidol showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ cardiovascular ‐ arrhythmia compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Droperidol vs placebo

Adverse effects ‐ respiratory ‐ airway obstruction · acute psychosis

Droperidol showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ respiratory ‐ airway obstruction compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Response to treatment (medium term) Clinically important response to treatment as defined by each study · patients with schizophrenia

VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS may leads to higher clinically significant response: important change As defined by each… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes leaving the study early: Acceptability of treatment Leaving the… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Adverse effects – leaving the study early due to adverse effects – overall tolerability – total · patients with schizophrenia

VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: Overall tolerability Leaving the study… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs placebo

Mental state: clinically significant improvement in mental state ‐ long term1 ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs placebo

Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE DEPOT changes leaving the study early: Any reason ‐ all doses risperidone depot ‐… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs placebo

Adverse events: General: Severe adverse event ‐ any dose risperidone depot ‐ short term Spontaneous reporting by study participants · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE DEPOT changes adverse events: General: Severe adverse event ‐ any dose risperidone… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs placebo

Adverse events: Specific: Weight gain ‐ all doses of depot risperidone ‐ short term Spontaneous reporting by study participants · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE DEPOT changes adverse events: Specific: Weight gain ‐ all doses of depot… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review