Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

314 questions · 335 findings · 34 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 57 · 17%GRADE not reported 2 · 0.6%Very low 87 · 26%Low 114 · 34%Moderate 60 · 17.9%High 15 · 4.5%

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Disease‐specific mortality ‐ not reported · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in disease‐specific mortality compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Variceal bleeding 5 years · patients with chronic hepatitis C who have failed prior antiviral therapy and who have severe histologic disease (grade 3 or 4 fibrosis)…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Ascites 5 years · patients with chronic hepatitis C who have failed prior antiviral therapy and who have severe histologic disease (grade 3 or 4 fibrosis)…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

First recurrence · high‐risk melanoma participants

The intervention leads to lower first recurrence (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Sustained (6 months) EDSS increase after 3 years · patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

The intervention showed no clear difference in sustained (6 months) EDSS increase after 3 years (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Sustained (3 months) EDSS increase after 3 years · patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

The intervention leads to lower sustained (3 months) EDSS increase after 3 years (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Sustained (3 or 6 months) EDSS increase at 3 years in patients with pre study relapses · patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

The intervention showed no clear difference in sustained (3 or 6 months) EDSS increase at 3 years in patients with… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of patients with at least one relapse during · patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

The intervention leads to lower number of patients with at least one relapse during (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patients with progression of the disease ( · patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

The intervention showed no clear difference in patients with progression of the disease ( (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patients with severe adverse event ( · patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

The intervention showed no clear difference in patients with severe adverse event ( (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patients with any related adverse event ( · patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

The intervention leads to higher patients with any related adverse event ( (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Sustained increase in spasticity ( · patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

The intervention showed no clear difference in sustained increase in spasticity ( (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review