Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,667 questions · 21,760 findings · 2,177 reviews

No studies found 4,173 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 2,300 · 10.6%Very low 5,276 · 24.2%Low 5,764 · 26.5%Moderate 3,298 · 15.2%High 949 · 4.4%

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Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening vs visual assessment

Exchange transfusion · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening showed no clear difference in exchange transfusion compared with visual assessment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening vs visual assessment

Phototherapy before hospital discharge · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening probably leads to higher phototherapy before hospital discharge compared with visual assessment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening vs visual assessment

Acute bilirubin encephalopathy · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening showed no clear difference in acute bilirubin encephalopathy compared with visual assessment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Pegylated interferon beta‐1a (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1512 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention may leads to lower pegylated interferon beta‐1a (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1512… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mitoxantrone (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 51 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention may leads to lower mitoxantrone (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 51 participants) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Natalizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 942 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention leads to lower natalizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 942 participants) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Teriflunomide (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1169 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention may leads to lower teriflunomide (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1169 participants) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 59 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 59 participants) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cladribine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1326 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…

The intervention leads to lower cladribine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1326 participants) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Dimethylfumarate (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 2307 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…

The intervention probably leads to lower dimethylfumarate (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 2307 participants) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 59 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 59 participants) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Fingolimod (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 2355 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…

The intervention probably leads to lower fingolimod (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 2355 participants) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Glatiramer acetate (Direct evidence; 3 RCsT; 1014 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…

The intervention probably leads to lower glatiramer acetate (Direct evidence; 3 RCsT; 1014 participants) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Immunoglobulins (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 192 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…

The intervention may leads to lower immunoglobulins (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 192 participants) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Interferon beta 1a‐1b No direct evidence · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes interferon beta 1a‐1b No direct evidence (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review