Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,429 questions · 3,558 findings · 436 reviews

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No studies found 660 · 18.5%GRADE not reported 375 · 10.5%Very low 727 · 20.4%Low 887 · 24.9%Moderate 709 · 19.9%High 200 · 5.6%

LABA/LAMA vs placebo

SGRQ Total SGRQ (Total) Score. Scale from: 0 to 100. Lower score indicates better quality of life. · Adults with COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Once daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists in a combined inhaler versus placebo for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 4952 participants
High

LABA/LAMA vs placebo

FEV1 · Adults with COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Once daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists in a combined inhaler versus placebo for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 6598 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs placebo

Difference vs placebo in adjusted peak FEV1 (3‐week to 6‐month · Adults with COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Once daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists in a combined inhaler versus placebo for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 4188 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs placebo

Adverse events (3‐week to 1‐year · Adults with COPD

Once‐daily LABA/LAMA in a combined inhaler showed no clear difference in adverse events (3‐week to 1‐year compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Once daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists in a combined inhaler versus placebo for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.95 [0.86, 1.04]
17 studies · 8235 participants
High

Brief intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Quantity of drinking (g/week) at 12 months · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption as identified by a screening tool

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
34 studies · 15197 participants
Moderate

Extended intervention vs brief intervention

Quantity of drinking (g/week) at 12 months · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 552 participants
Low

Extended intervention vs brief intervention

Frequency of binge drinking (no. binges/wk) at 12 months ‐ not measured · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Extended intervention vs brief intervention

Frequency of drinking (no. days drinking/week) at 12 months · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 147 participants
Low

Extended intervention vs brief intervention

Drinking Intensity · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 147 participants
Very low

Brief intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Frequency of drinking (no. binges/wk) at 12 months · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption as identified by a screening tool

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 6946 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Frequency of drinking (no. days drinking/week) at 12 months · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption as identified by a screening tool

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 5469 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Drinking Intensity · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption as identified by a screening tool

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 3128 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Adverse effects · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption as identified by a screening tool

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 5 participants
Very low

Extended intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Quantity of drinking (g/week) at 12 months · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1296 participants
Moderate

Extended intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Frequency of drinking (no. binges/wk) at 12 months · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 456 participants
Moderate

Extended intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Frequency of drinking (no. days drinking/week) at 12 months · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 319 participants
Moderate

Extended intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Drinking Intensity · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 158 participants
Low

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days vs SCS treatment

Treatment failure Need for additional treatment · exacerbations of COPD

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days showed no clear difference in treatment failure Need for additional treatment compared with SCS treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.72 [0.36, 1.46]
4 studies · 457 participants
Moderate

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days vs SCS treatment

Relapse New acute exacerbation or COPD‐related admission · exacerbations of COPD

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days showed no clear difference in relapse New acute exacerbation or COPD‐related admission compared with SCS treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.04 [0.7, 1.56]
4 studies · 478 participants
Moderate

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days vs SCS treatment

Adverse drug effect—hyperglycaemia · exacerbations of COPD

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days showed no clear difference in adverse drug effect—hyperglycaemia compared with SCS treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.99 [0.64, 1.53]
2 studies · 345 participants
Moderate