Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,815 questions · 6,211 findings · 638 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,052 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 441 · 7.1%Very low 1,700 · 27.4%Low 1,651 · 26.6%Moderate 1,070 · 17.2%High 297 · 4.8%

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Intervention not reported

HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1167 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA, or HD‐ICS/LABA…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1167 participants
High

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA, or HD‐ICS/LABA…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 34 RCTs Total participants: 32,684 · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
34 studies · 32684 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

HD‐ICS (Direct evidence; 6 RCTs; 2211 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2211 participants
High

Intervention not reported

LD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 5846 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 5846 participants
High

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LAMA (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 282 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 282 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LAMA (Direct evidence; 4 RCTs; 2239 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 2239 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 21 RCTs; 20326 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
21 studies · 20326 participants
High

Intervention not reported

HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 4 RCTs; 2750 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 2750 participants
High

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 10 RCTs; 15,651 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 15651 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 3 RCTs; 3319 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 3319 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 25 RCTs Total participants: 25,583 · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
25 studies · 25583 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

HD‐ICS (Direct evidence; 4 RCTs; 1685 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1685 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Overall survival (OS) ‐ Network (subnet 1) included 19 pairwise comparisons ‐ Median · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (combined risk groups) without previous systemic anticancer therapy

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) ‐ Network (subnet 1) included 19 pairwise… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.73 [0.5, 1.07]
17 studies · 9705 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Quality of life (QoL) We reported this outcome narratively in this review. Here, long‐term results (i.e., at the end of treatment) are presented. In the comparison PAZ versus SUN, QoL was measured using FACIT‐F (score range 0‐52; higher scores rep... · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (combined risk groups) without previous systemic anticancer therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events (SAEs) ‐ Network included 31 pairwise comparisons ‐ Mean risk with SUN across trials3 included in this network: 40.7% · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (combined risk groups) without previous systemic anticancer therapy

The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (SAEs) ‐ Network included 31 pairwise… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [0.9, 1.85]
22 studies · 10709 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Progression‐free survival (PFS) ‐ Network (subnet 1) included 27 pairwise comparisons ‐ Median · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (combined risk groups) without previous systemic anticancer therapy

The intervention probably leads to lower progression‐free survival (PFS) ‐ Network (subnet 1) included 27… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.68 [0.52, 0.89]
25 studies · 11737 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse events (AEs) (grade 3 or 4) ‐ Network included 19 pairwise comparisons ‐ Mean risk with SUN across trials3 in this network: 70.6% · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (combined risk groups) without previous systemic anticancer therapy

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 6909 participants
GRADE not reported