Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,782 questions · 1,852 findings · 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

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No studies found 557 · 30.1%GRADE not reported 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%

Early warning systems (EWS) and rapid response systems (RRS) vs usual care

Composite outcome – randomised trials Composite outcome of incidence (events divided by number of eligible participants admitted to the hospital during the study period) of cardiac arrests without a pre‐existing NFR order, unplanned ICU admissions... · adult on acute hospital wards at risk of clinical deterioration

1 finding from 1 review

Early warning systems and rapid response systems for the prevention of patient deterioration on acute adult hospital… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
AOR 0.98 [0.83, 1.16]
364094 participants
Moderate

Early warning systems (EWS) and rapid response systems (RRS) vs usual care

Composite outcome – non‐randomised studies Composite endpoint of cardiopulmonary arrest, unplanned ICU admission or death per 1000 admitted patients ( · adult on acute hospital wards at risk of clinical deterioration

1 finding from 1 review

Early warning systems and rapid response systems for the prevention of patient deterioration on acute adult hospital… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
AOR 0.85 [0.72, 0.99]
57858 participants
Low

Early warning systems (EWS) and rapid response systems (RRS) vs usual care

Unplanned ICU admission – non‐randomised trial ( · adult on acute hospital wards at risk of clinical deterioration

2 findings from 1 review

Early warning systems and rapid response systems for the prevention of patient deterioration on acute adult hospital… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
AOR 1.04 [0.89, 1.21]
364094 participants
Low
Early warning systems and rapid response systems for the prevention of patient deterioration on acute adult hospital… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Early warning systems (EWS) and rapid response systems (RRS) vs usual care

ICU readmission – non‐randomised studies · adult on acute hospital wards at risk of clinical deterioration

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Early warning systems and rapid response systems for the prevention of patient deterioration on acute adult hospital… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Early warning systems and rapid response systems for the prevention of patient deterioration on acute adult hospital… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Clinical outcomes · Adults with multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Mental health outcomes · Adults with multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) · Adults with multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Health Service Utilisation · Adults with multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Medication use and adherence · Adults with multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Health‐related patient behaviours · Adults with multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Provider behaviour · Adults with multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Primary outcomes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Impacts on management or information systems (if not a targeted measure of performance)

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Equity considerations: evidence of differential impacts on different parts of the population

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Primary outcomes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Health outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Delivery and utilization of health services

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Quality of care

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Unintended effectsÂ

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Changes in resource use

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low