Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

304 questions · 332 findings · 36 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 58 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 15 · 4.5%Very low 104 · 31.3%Low 110 · 33.1%Moderate 44 · 13.3%High 1 · 0.3%

Acupuncture vs psychological therapy

Adverse events measured during study treatment · clinical diagnosis of depression

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in adverse events measured during study treatment compared with psychological therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term)

Service use: Number of participants needing admission · Adolescents with psychosis

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) showed no clear difference in service use: Number of participants needing admission compared with NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term)

Leaving the study early · Adolescents with psychosis

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: For any reason compared with NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES

Mental state: General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement) · patients with schizophrenia

CBT showed no clear difference in mental state: General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement) compared with ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · patients with schizophrenia

CBT may leads to lower satisfaction with treatment ‐ leaving the study early for any reason compared with ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review