Spontaneous vaginal birth · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in spontaneous vaginal birth (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1… compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.08 [0.73, 1.59]
Studies not reported
Low
Chorioamnionitis · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in chorioamnionitis (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 3.06 [0.13, 74.21]
Studies not reported
Low
Neonatal infection · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in neonatal infection (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4.08 [0.46, 35.87]
Studies not reported
Low
Admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.04 [0.63, 6.56]
Studies not reported
Low
Maternal pain (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Spontaneous vaginal birth · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Chorioamnionitis · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Neonatal infection · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Maternal pain (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Positive birth experience (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women in labour at term
It is very uncertain whether routine vaginal examination changes augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: 307(1 RCT) compared with routine rectal examination (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.03 [0.63, 1.68]
Studies not reported
Very low
Pain intensity — first stage of labour · women in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity — first stage of labour · women in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · women in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · women in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Assisted vaginal birth — not reported · women in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caesarean section — not reported · women in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Use of pharmacological pain relief ‐ not reported · women in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Length of labour (hours) · women in labour
1 finding from 1 review