Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,695 questions · 4,979 findings · 433 reviews

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No studies found 998 · 20%GRADE not reported 1,140 · 22.9%Very low 1,024 · 20.6%Low 1,029 · 20.7%Moderate 636 · 12.8%High 152 · 3.1%

LNG‐IUS vs another combined low‐dose OCP

Adverse events · women with uterine fibroids

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Progestogens or progestogen‐releasing intrauterine systems for uterine fibroids (other than preoperative medical… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

LNG‐IUS vs oral progestogen (norethisterone acetate)

Change in fibroid related symptoms · women with uterine fibroids

1 finding from 1 review

Progestogens or progestogen‐releasing intrauterine systems for uterine fibroids (other than preoperative medical… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
Very low

LNG‐IUS vs oral progestogen (norethisterone acetate)

Change in haemoglobin level from baseline · women with uterine fibroids

2 findings from 1 review

Progestogens or progestogen‐releasing intrauterine systems for uterine fibroids (other than preoperative medical… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
Very low
Progestogens or progestogen‐releasing intrauterine systems for uterine fibroids (other than preoperative medical… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 45 participants
Very low

LNG‐IUS vs oral progestogen (norethisterone acetate)

Fibroid size · women with uterine fibroids

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Progestogens or progestogen‐releasing intrauterine systems for uterine fibroids (other than preoperative medical… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

More vs less intensive behavioral smoking cessation support

Smoking cessation · people experiencing homelessness

It is very uncertain whether more changes smoking abstinence compared with less intensive behavioral smoking cessation support (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce tobacco use in people experiencing homelessness 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.64 [1.01, 2.69]
3 studies · 657 participants
Very low

Video modelling acclimatisation for LA vs Oral hygiene video

Adverse effects · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental treatment 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
In advance of LA
Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome
Studies not reported
No studies found

Video modelling acclimatisation for LA vs Oral hygiene video

Successful LA/painless treatment · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental treatment 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
In advance of LA
Successful LA/painless treatment: included studies did not report on this outcome
Studies not reported
No studies found

Video modelling acclimatisation for LA vs Oral hygiene video

Patient satisfaction: measured by questionnaires · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental treatment 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
In advance of LA
Patient satisfaction: included studies did not report on this outcome
Studies not reported
No studies found

0.1% chlorine dioxide mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

0.1% chlorine dioxide mouthwash may leads to lower dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
mean 3 weeks
MD -0.61 [-0.73, -0.49]
1 study · 47 participants
Low

Mechanical tongue cleaning (tongue scraper) vs No tongue cleaning

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
mean 2 weeks
Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
0 studies
No studies found

Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 tablets vs placebo (3 tablets/4 times a day

OLT and VSC scores · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
Suzuki 2014 (cross-over RCT) compared Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 tablets versus placebo tablets (OLT and VSC by gas chromatography). The trial did not give usable data and we could not extract data from the graph.
1 study
GRADE not reported

0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum vs 0.4% eucalyptus chewing gum

It is very uncertain whether 0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with 0.4% eucalyptus chewing gum (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
mean 4 weeks
MD -0.1 [-0.37, 0.17]
1 study · 64 participants
Very low

Mechanical tongue cleaning (tongue scraper) vs No tongue cleaning

Patient-reported OLT score · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
mean 2 weeks
Patient-reported OLT score assessed with patient's perception: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for patient-reported OLT score.
0 studies
No studies found

Green tea mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Green tea mouthwash showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
28 days
MD -57.39 [-184.63, 69.85]
1 study · 60 participants
GRADE not reported

Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Sodium fluoride (control) toothpaste

Patient-reported OLT score · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
mean 1 week
Patient-reported OLT score: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for patient-reported OLT score.
0 studies
No studies found

Hinokitiol gel vs Placebo gel

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
mean 4 weeks
Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
0 studies
No studies found

0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with placebo chewing gum; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
4 weeks
MD 0.0 [-0.21, 0.21]
1 study · 65 participants
GRADE not reported

Miswak (Salvadora persica) stick vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Miswak (Salvadora persica) stick led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
1 week
MD -0.77 [-1.19, -0.35]
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported

Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Sodium fluoride (control) toothpaste

It is very uncertain whether 0.3% triclosan + PVM/MA + sodium fluoride toothpaste changes dentist-reported breath odour (OLT) score (scale 1 to 9 hedonic) compared with sodium fluoride (control) toothpaste (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
mean 1 week
MD -3.48 [-3.77, -3.19]
1 study · 81 participants
Very low

Subgingival laser irradiation + povidone-iodine vs SRP

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Subgingival laser irradiation + povidone-iodine led to higher volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with SRP alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
4 weeks
MD 70.0 [63.88, 76.12]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported