Findings

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,587 questions · 5,761 findings · 495 reviews

No studies found 1,011 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 1,797 · 31.2%Very low 1,100 · 19.1%Low 1,052 · 18.3%Moderate 649 · 11.3%High 152 · 2.6%

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Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical barriers (tongue protector) vs placebo

Adverse effects (narrative) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    short-term (up to 3 months)
    SoF7. Adverse effects: single study narratively reported that no adverse events occurred from the use of tongue protectors; 50 participants (1 RCT); low.
    1 study · 50 participants
    Low

Benzodiazepines (systemic clordemetildiazepam 1 mg/day) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    short-term (up to 3 months) · clordemetildiazepam
    Bogetto 1999 (clordemetildiazepam) included in the benzodiazepine comparison but data not presented (79% placebo-arm attrition).
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Bethanechol vs placebo

QoL · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Abdominal pain · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: abdominal pains compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (Catuama herbal compound) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    short-term (up to 3 months) · Catuama
    'Catuama' herbal compound (Spanemberg 2012) contributes to the dietary supplements short-term symptom-relief comparison (insufficient/contradictory); no separate estimate reported.
    1 study · 72 participants
    GRADE not reported

Physical barriers (tongue protector + reinforced self-control instruction) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether physical barriers (tongue protector + reinforced self-control… changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: headache · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: headache compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (Catuama herbal compound) vs placebo

Weight gain · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (Catuama herbal compound) changes adverse effects: weight gain compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amitriptyline vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (lycopene) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    short-term (up to 3 months) · lycopene
    Lycopene (Cano-Carrillo 2014) contributes to the dietary supplements short-term symptom-relief comparison (12 RCTs, insufficient/contradictory); no separate lycopene symptom-relief estimate reported.
    1 study · 50 participants
    GRADE not reported

Topical treatments (topical urea 10%) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    short-term (up to 3 months) · topical urea 10%
    Topical urea 10% (Alvarenga da Silva 2014) contributes to the topical treatments short-term symptom-relief comparison (insufficient/contradictory); no separate estimate reported.
    1 study · 38 participants
    GRADE not reported

Surgery vs oral medication

Control of bleeding (cure or improvement to acceptable level) At 2 years · women with heavy menstrual bleeding

Surgery probably leads to higher control of bleeding (cure or improvement to acceptable level) At 4… compared with oral medication (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Surgery vs oral medication

Overall satisfaction with treatment At 5 years · women with heavy menstrual bleeding

It is very uncertain whether surgery changes overall satisfaction with treatment At 5 years compared with oral medication (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs GENERAL ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse events: Specific ‐ prolactin‐related ‐ long term It is unclear how adverse events were reported · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE DEPOT changes adverse events: Specific ‐ prolactin‐related ‐ long term It is… compared with GENERAL ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs GENERAL ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Weight gain · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE DEPOT changes adverse events: Specific ‐ weight increase ‐ long term It is unclear… compared with GENERAL ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs GENERAL ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse events: Nervous system disorders (inc. EPS) ‐ long term It is unclear how adverse events were reported · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE DEPOT changes adverse events: Nervous system disorders (inc. EPS) ‐ long term It… compared with GENERAL ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review