Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

Timer watch plus standard urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Frequency of incontinence episodes · children aged 5 to 14 years with overactive bladder and at least one episode of daytime urinary incontinence per week

It is very uncertain whether timer watch plus standard urotherapy changes frequency of incontinence episodes at 3 months compared with standard urotherapy alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timer watch plus standard urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 14 years with overactive bladder and at least one episode of daytime urinary incontinence per week

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Adverse effects · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review