Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,320 questions · 4,561 findings · 388 reviews

No studies found 1,138 · 25%GRADE not reported 886 · 19.4%Very low 1,014 · 22.2%Low 849 · 18.6%Moderate 543 · 11.9%High 131 · 2.9%

2400 to 2800 ppm F toothpaste vs 1450 to 1500 ppm F toothpaste

Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)

2400 to 2800 ppm F toothpaste showed no clear difference in caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with 1450 to 1500 ppm F toothpaste (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Chlorhexidine + zinc mouthwash

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with chlorhexidine + zinc mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

250 ppm F toothpaste vs Non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste

Caries increment, tooth index D(M)FT · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)

250 ppm F toothpaste showed no clear difference in caries increment, tooth index D(M)FT compared with non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Halita mouthrinse vs Perio-plus mouthrinse

Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

It is very uncertain whether halita mouthrinse changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with perio-plus mouthrinse (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

1000 mg champignon extract vs 50 mg champignon extract

Patient's family member-reported VAS score (scale 0 to 100) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

1000 mg champignon extract showed no clear difference in patient's family member-reported VAS score (scale 0 to 100) compared with 50 mg champignon extract; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

440 to 550 ppm F toothpaste vs 250 ppm F toothpaste

Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)

440 to 550 ppm F toothpaste showed no clear difference in caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with 250 ppm F toothpaste (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

250 ppm F toothpaste vs Non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste

Proportion developing new caries · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)

250 ppm F toothpaste showed no clear difference in proportion developing new caries compared with non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Herbal mouthwash led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Toothbrushing + tongue cleaning with a tooth-and-tongue gel (amine/stannous fluoride + zinc lactate) vs Toothbrushing with reference toothpaste (with or without tongue cleaning)

OLT, VSC and patient satisfaction scores · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Wilhelm 2012 (3-arm cross-over trial) compared toothbrushing with a reference toothpaste, with reference toothpaste plus tongue cleaning, and toothbrushing plus tongue cleaning with a tooth-and-tongue gel (OLT, VSC,…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Orthodontic treatment without extraction of permanent teeth vs Orthodontic treatment involving extraction of permanent teeth

Dento-occlusal results of treatment, measured with the PAR index · Children (80% aged <= 16 years) with a Class II division 2 malocclusion (deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed functional appliance (FORSUS FRD) vs Fixed functional appliance with mini-implants (FMI)

Final overjet · Adolescents (age 12 to 16 years) receiving orthodontic treatment to correct prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion)

Fixed functional appliance (FORSUS FRD) showed no clear difference in final overjet compared with fixed functional appliance with mini-implants (FMI); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs standard local care

Major bleeding, requiring transfusion of packed red blood cells · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and all ages; all four…

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA)… showed no clear difference in major bleeding requiring transfusion of packed red blood cells compared with standard care (usual local haemostatic measures: gelatin sponge and…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo mouthwash

Number of thromboembolic complications · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and all ages; all four…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs standard local care

Number of participants with postoperative bleedings requiring intervention · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and all ages; all four…

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA)… showed no clear difference in number of participants with postoperative bleedings requiring… compared with standard care (usual local haemostatic measures: gelatin sponge and… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment without extraction of permanent teeth vs Orthodontic treatment involving extraction of permanent teeth

Gingival and TMJ symptoms · Children (80% aged <= 16 years) with a Class II division 2 malocclusion (deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed functional appliance (FORSUS FRD) vs Fixed functional appliance with mini-implants (FMI)

Final ANB · Adolescents (age 12 to 16 years) receiving orthodontic treatment to correct prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion)

Fixed functional appliance (FORSUS FRD) showed no clear difference in final ANB compared with fixed functional appliance with mini-implants (FMI); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review