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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,080 questions in 109 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections
current versionsNo studies 132 · 12.2%Ungraded 90 · 8.3%Very low 169 · 15.6%Low 306 · 28.3%Moderate 287 · 26.6%High 96 · 8.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Honey vs placebo Stomachache, nausea, and vomiting · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.91 [1.12, 3.24] | 2 studies · 402 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs placebo Diarrhoea · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.33, 2.55] | 1 study · 102 participants | Low |
Honey vs placebo Tachycardia · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.58 [0.15, 16.86] | 1 study · 102 participants | Low |
Honey vs salbutamol Day 1 · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Honey vs salbutamol Frequency of cough (mean improvement score) · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs salbutamol Severity of cough (mean improvement score) · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs salbutamol Bothersome cough (mean improvement score) · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs salbutamol Cough impact on children's sleep1 · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs salbutamol Cough impact on parents' sleep1 · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs salbutamol Day 3 · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 participants | Ungraded |
Honey vs dextromethorphan Cough impact on children's sleep1 · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 149 participants | Low |
Honey vs salbutamol Frequency of cough1 · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs salbutamol Severity of cough1 · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs salbutamol Bothersome cough1 · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs salbutamol Day 5 · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 participants | Ungraded |
Honey vs salbutamol Cough durationassessed (days) · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs salbutamol Adverse events · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Honey vs salbutamol Stomachache, nausea, and vomiting · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.74 [1.04, 2.92] | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs salbutamol Rash · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.02, 1.63] | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs salbutamol Tachycardia · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.51 [0.14, 16.1] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Honey vs salbutamol Diarrhoea · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.24, 1.45] | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Honey vs dextromethorphan Cough impact on parents' sleep1 · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 149 participants | Low |
Honey vs dextromethorphan Adverse events · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Honey vs dextromethorphan Nervousness, insomnia, hyperactivity · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.94 [0.74, 11.71] | 2 studies · 149 participants | Low |
Honey vs dextromethorphan Stomachache, nausea, and vomiting · acute cough in children Honey for acute cough in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.86 [0.24, 97.69] | 1 study · 69 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Death · children and adults with acute bacterial meningitis Osmotic therapies added to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.9, 1.3] | 5 studies · 1272 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Neurological disability · children and adults with acute bacterial meningitis Osmotic therapies added to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.53, 1] | 5 studies · 1270 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Seizures · children and adults with acute bacterial meningitis Osmotic therapies added to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.9, 1.3] | 4 studies · 1090 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Hearing loss · children and adults with acute bacterial meningitis Osmotic therapies added to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.44, 0.93] | 5 studies · 922 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea · children and adults with acute bacterial meningitis Osmotic therapies added to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.81, 1.47] | 2 studies · 851 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse effects: gastrointestinal bleeding · children and adults with acute bacterial meningitis Osmotic therapies added to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.39, 2.19] | 3 studies · 607 participants | Moderate |
Cyclamen europaeum vs placebo Proportion of participants with resolution or improvement of symptoms up to 30 days · adults with acute sinusitis Cyclamen europaeum extract for acute sinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cyclamen europaeum vs placebo Proportion of participants with any adverse event · adults with acute sinusitis Cyclamen europaeum extract for acute sinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.11 [1.35, 3.29] | 2 studies · 147 participants | Moderate |
Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo Day 5 · children with acute otitis media Systemic corticosteroids for acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo Day 14 · children with acute otitis media Systemic corticosteroids for acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo Reduction in overall or specific symptom duration · children with acute otitis media Systemic corticosteroids for acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo Adverse effects · children with acute otitis media Systemic corticosteroids for acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Heated, humidified air vs control Reduction in the clinical severity of the common cold (measured by decrease in the symptom score index) · People with the common cold Heated, humidified air for the common cold (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.3 [0.16, 0.56] | 2 studies · 149 participants | Low |
Heated, humidified air vs control Number of participants with the subjective response: therapy did not help · People with the common cold Heated, humidified air for the common cold (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.58 [0.28, 1.18] | 2 studies · 124 participants | Low |
Heated, humidified air vs control Number of participants with positive nasal wash cultures · People with the common cold Heated, humidified air for the common cold (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.47 [0.04, 5.19] | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Ceftriaxone vs long‐acting (oily) chloramphenicol Death ‐ in all participants ‐ short term · people suspected to have meningococcal disease (adults and children) Pre‐admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.57, 2.56] | 1 study · 503 participants | Moderate |
Ceftriaxone vs long‐acting (oily) chloramphenicol Death ‐ in confirmed cases of meningococcal meningitis (subgroup) · people suspected to have meningococcal disease (adults and children) Pre‐admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.35, 3.56] | 1 study · 308 participants | Moderate |
Ceftriaxone vs long‐acting (oily) chloramphenicol Clinical failure ‐ in all participants ‐ short term Composite clinical criteria10 · people suspected to have meningococcal disease (adults and children) Pre‐admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.32, 2.15] | 1 study · 477 participants | Moderate |
Ceftriaxone vs long‐acting (oily) chloramphenicol Clinical failure ‐ in confirmed cases of meningococcal meningitis (subgroup) Composite clinical criteria10 · people suspected to have meningococcal disease (adults and children) Pre‐admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.39 [0.23, 8.47] | 1 study · 308 participants | Moderate |
Ceftriaxone vs long‐acting (oily) chloramphenicol Neurological sequelae ‐ in all participants‐ short term Clinical assessment11 · people suspected to have meningococcal disease (adults and children) Pre‐admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.63, 2.62] | 1 study · 477 participants | Low |
Ceftriaxone vs long‐acting (oily) chloramphenicol Neurological sequelae ‐ in confirmed cases of meningococcal meningitis (subgroup) Clinical assesment11 · people suspected to have meningococcal disease (adults and children) Pre‐admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [0.65, 3.23] | 1 study · 297 participants | Very low |
Ceftriaxone vs long‐acting (oily) chloramphenicol Adverse events ‐ short term · people suspected to have meningococcal disease (adults and children) Pre‐admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 1 participants | Ungraded |
Procalcitonin algorithm vs standard care Mortality · people with acute respiratory tract infections Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.7, 0.99] | 26 studies · 6708 participants | High |
Procalcitonin algorithm vs standard care Treatment failure Clinical assessment3 · people with acute respiratory tract infections Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.9 [0.8, 1.01] | 26 studies · 6708 participants | Moderate |
Procalcitonin algorithm vs standard care Antibiotic‐related side effects · people with acute respiratory tract infections Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.68 [0.57, 0.82] | 6 studies · 3034 participants | Moderate |