Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

771 questions · 791 findings · 66 reviews

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No studies found 207 · 26.2%GRADE not reported 47 · 5.9%Very low 172 · 21.7%Low 211 · 26.7%Moderate 107 · 13.5%High 47 · 5.9%

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Headache intensity (mean score) · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 46 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Global impression of disease · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 101 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Number experiencing adverse effects · adults with migraine

It is very uncertain whether botulinum toxin type A changes total number of participants experiencing an adverse event compared with other established prophylactic agent (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.59, 0.98]
2 studies · 114 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Number of migraine days per month: chronic migraine only · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Headache (frequency) · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs prophylactic drugs

Headache (frequency) · people with episodic migraine

2 findings from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 739 participants
Moderate
Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 744 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs prophylactic drugs

Response · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture probably leads to higher response compared with prophylactic drugs (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [1.08, 1.44]
3 studies · 743 participants
Moderate
Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.97, 1.26]
3 studies · 744 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs prophylactic drugs

Adverse effects (drop‐outs due to adverse effects4) · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture probably leads to lower number of participants dropping out due to adverse effects compared with prophylactic drugs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.27 [0.08, 0.86]
4 studies · 451 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs prophylactic drugs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture probably leads to lower number of participants reporting adverse effects compared with prophylactic drugs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.25 [0.1, 0.62]
5 studies · 931 participants
Moderate

Anticoagulant vs placebo or no treatment

All‐cause mortality · non‐hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (asymptomatic and mild disease)

Anticoagulant showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.36 [0.04, 3.61]
5 studies · 1777 participants
Low

Anticoagulant vs different dose of the same anticoagulant

Major bleeding · non‐hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (asymptomatic and mild disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 278 participants
Moderate

Anticoagulant vs different dose of the same anticoagulant

Deep vein thrombosis · non‐hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (asymptomatic and mild disease)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Anticoagulant vs different dose of the same anticoagulant

Pulmonary embolism · non‐hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (asymptomatic and mild disease)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Anticoagulant vs different dose of the same anticoagulant

Need for hospitalisation · non‐hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (asymptomatic and mild disease)

Anticoagulant showed no clear difference in need for hospitalisation compared with different dose of the same anticoagulant (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.89 [0.17, 20.58]
1 study · 278 participants
Low

Anticoagulant vs different dose of the same anticoagulant

Adverse events (minor bleeding) · non‐hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (asymptomatic and mild disease)

Anticoagulant showed no clear difference in adverse events (minor bleeding) compared with different dose of the same anticoagulant (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.09, 2.54]
1 study · 278 participants
Low

Anticoagulant vs antiplatelet agent

All‐cause mortality · non‐hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (asymptomatic and mild disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 279 participants
Moderate

Anticoagulant vs antiplatelet agent

Venous thromboembolism · non‐hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (asymptomatic and mild disease)

Anticoagulant showed no clear difference in venous thromboembolism compared with antiplatelet agent (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.36 [0.01, 8.65]
1 study · 279 participants
Low

Anticoagulant vs antiplatelet agent

Major bleeding · non‐hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (asymptomatic and mild disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 279 participants
Moderate

Anticoagulant vs antiplatelet agent

Deep vein thrombosis · non‐hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (asymptomatic and mild disease)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Anticoagulant vs antiplatelet agent

Pulmonary embolism · non‐hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (asymptomatic and mild disease)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic anticoagulants for non‐hospitalised people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found