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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,550 questions · 1,617 findings · 161 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 238 · 14.7%GRADE not reported 76 · 4.7%Very low 377 · 23.3%Low 567 · 35.1%Moderate 285 · 17.6%High 74 · 4.6%

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the intent to rapidly extubate (InSurE)

Pulmonary air leak · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in pulmonary air leak, any (during first hospitalisation) Anytime to… compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the intent to rapidly extubate (InSurE)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (clinical definition) among survivors compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the intent to rapidly extubate (InSurE)

Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the intent to rapidly extubate (InSurE)

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in death (all causes) during the first hospitalisation Anytime to… compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the intent to rapidly extubate (InSurE)

Neurosensory disability in survivors · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Need for mechanical ventilation · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) may leads to lower mechanical ventilation at any time Any time to discharge compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

Cerebral palsy · preterm or very low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes cerebral palsy at 18 to 22 months' corrected age compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

Normal auditory functioning at discharge · preterm or very low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes normal auditory functioning at discharge compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or very low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review