Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

571 questions · 628 findings · 20 reviews · Oral medicine and oral cancer

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No studies found 73 · 11.6%GRADE not reported 459 · 73.1%Very low 49 · 7.8%Low 30 · 4.8%Moderate 17 · 2.7%High 0 · 0%

Surgery vs Radiotherapy alone

Disease-free survival · Adults with oropharyngeal cancer

Surgery showed no clear difference in disease-free survival (new disease, progression, and mortality) compared with radiotherapy alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
3 years
HR 1.07 [0.27, 4.22]
1 study · 68 participants
Low

Surgery vs Radiotherapy alone

Recurrence · Adults with oropharyngeal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
Recurrence: not reported.
0 studies
No studies found

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Photodynamic therapy

Clinical score · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical triamcinolone acetonide may leads to higher clinical score compared with photodynamic therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD 1.52 [0.17, 2.87]
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Dexamethasone mouthwash plus nystatin vs Photodynamic therapy

Clinical resolution · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Bakhtiari 2017 (dexamethasone mouthwash + nystatin vs photodynamic therapy): clinical resolution reported (Analysis 4.6); no clear difference (low to very low certainty collectively)
1 study
GRADE not reported

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Cryotherapy

Pain (mean score, split-mouth) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether topical triamcinolone acetonide changes pain (mean score, split-mouth) compared with cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD 1.48 [0.58, 2.38]
1 study · 52 participants
Very low

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Cryotherapy

Adverse events (split-mouth) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical triamcinolone acetonide led to lower adverse events (split-mouth) compared with cryotherapy; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
OR 0.01 [0.00, 0.16]
1 study · 30 participants
GRADE not reported

Clobetasol propionate ointment vs Low-level laser therapy (LLLT)

Pain (mean score) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether clobetasol propionate ointment changes pain (mean score) compared with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD 0.62 [0.42, 0.82]
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Clobetasol propionate ointment vs Low-level laser therapy (LLLT)

Clinical score · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether clobetasol propionate ointment changes clinical score compared with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD 0.56 [0.50, 0.62]
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Photodynamic therapy

Pain (mean score) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether topical triamcinolone acetonide changes pain (mean score) compared with photodynamic therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD 4.9 [2.98, 6.82]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Clobetasol propionate ointment vs Low-level laser therapy (LLLT)

Clinical resolution · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether clobetasol propionate ointment changes clinical resolution compared with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.46 [0.22, 0.98]
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), oral spray vs placebo

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Adults receiving chemotherapy alone for colorectal cancer

Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), oral spray led to lower oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.22 [0.10, 0.48]
1 study · 99 participants
GRADE not reported

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Interruptions to cancer treatment · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in interruptions to cancer treatment compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
RT to head and neck
RR 0.13 [0.01, 2.36]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, single dose) vs Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim, multiple doses)

Oral mucositis (any severity) · Children receiving bone marrow/stem cell transplantation after conditioning therapy for mixed cancers

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, single… showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (any severity) compared with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim, multiple…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
Children
RR 1.02 [0.82, 1.27]
1 study · 61 participants
GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

Oral mucositis (any severity) · Children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia receiving chemotherapy alone

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), intravenous led to lower oral mucositis (any severity) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
Children
RR 0.67 [0.54, 0.85]
1 study · 90 participants
GRADE not reported

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, single dose) vs Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim, multiple doses)

Normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) · Children receiving bone marrow/stem cell transplantation after conditioning therapy for mixed cancers

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, single… showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) compared with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim, multiple…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
Children
RR 1.00 [0.94, 1.06]
1 study · 61 participants
GRADE not reported

Erythropoietin mouthwash vs placebo

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Adults receiving bone marrow/stem cell transplantation after conditioning therapy for haematological cancers

Erythropoietin mouthwash led to lower oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.43 [0.24, 0.79]
1 study · 80 participants
GRADE not reported

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Normalcy of diet (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
RT to head and neck
RR 0.18 [0.01, 3.56]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Erythropoietin mouthwash vs placebo

Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults receiving bone marrow/stem cell transplantation after conditioning therapy for haematological cancers

Erythropoietin mouthwash showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (severe) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.40 [0.14, 1.17]
1 study · 80 participants
GRADE not reported

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (severe) compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
RT to head and neck
RR 0.54 [0.24, 1.21]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Transforming growth factor-beta(2) (TGF-beta2) vs placebo

Oral mucositis (any severity) · Adults receiving chemotherapy alone for colorectal cancer

Transforming growth factor-beta(2) (TGF-beta2) showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (any severity) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.10 [0.01, 1.71]
1 study · 13 participants
GRADE not reported