What do systematic reviews say?

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF: See comment, not estimable; 63 participants, 187 interventions (1 study); 1 case of urticaria occurred (unclear which anaesthetic). Not pooled/graded.
  1 study · 63 participants
  GRADE not reported

2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF: Not measured.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Zinc polycarboxylate cement vs Any other orthodontic band adhesive

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial was identified that examined the effectiveness of zinc polycarboxylate cement.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Zinc silicophosphate cement vs Any other orthodontic band adhesive

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial was identified that examined the effectiveness of zinc silicophosphate cement.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Sedation (sedative agents administered via any route) vs General anaesthesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Sedation versus general anaesthesia for provision of dental treatment to patients younger than 18 years 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intraligamental injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Anand 2005 used the Venham Picture Scale but, owing to the split-mouth design, postoperative anxiety could not be compared between the LA and no-treatment sides
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Infiltration injection LA and intraligamental injection LA (3-arm) vs no treatment

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to 30 minutes postoperatively; parent-reported to first night
  Because of substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity in the studies, we were unable to determine an estimate of effect
  1 study · 54 participants
  Very low

Intraligamental injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Anand 2005: no signs of postoperative soft tissue trauma, 21 children reported numbness on the LA (experimental) side; Sammons 2007: no adverse events reported
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Infiltration injection LA and intraligamental injection LA (3-arm) vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  The study did not report on patient or child satisfaction
  0 studies
  No studies found

Infiltration injection LA and intraligamental injection LA (3-arm) vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on this outcome
  0 studies
  No studies found

Infiltration injection LA and intraligamental injection LA (3-arm) vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on this outcome
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Postoperatively, typically up to discharge (5 to 60 minutes)
  Because of substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity in the studies, we were unable to determine an estimate of effect
  4 studies · 343 participants
  Very low

Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment or placebo

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Coulthard 2006: lip/cheek biting 3/70 (LA) vs 1/69 (placebo), P=0.62; Townsend 2009: 4/11 vs 1/12, P=0.16; no statistically significant difference
  2 studies · 162 participants
  GRADE not reported

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on this outcome
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on lip or cheek biting
  0 studies
  No studies found

Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No study reported parental satisfaction
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intraligamental injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on this outcome
  0 studies
  No studies found

Infiltration injection LA and intraligamental injection LA (3-arm) vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No study reported parental satisfaction
  0 studies
  No studies found

Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on patient or child satisfaction
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Elhakim 1993 reported prolonged postoperative bleeding in the no-treatment group; Andrzejowski 2002 reported no difference in bleeding (nurse-assessed 'mild' in both groups)
  2 studies · 160 participants
  Very low