Adverse effects (drop‐outs due to adverse effects4) · People undergoing managed opioid withdrawal
Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist showed no clear difference in drop‐out due to adverse effects compared with methadone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Completion of treatment · People undergoing managed opioid withdrawal
Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist showed no clear difference in completion of treatment compared with methadone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Readmission for phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia
Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening probably leads to lower readmission for phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia compared with visual assessment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exchange transfusion · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia
Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening showed no clear difference in exchange transfusion compared with visual assessment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Phototherapy before hospital discharge · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia
Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening probably leads to higher phototherapy before hospital discharge compared with visual assessment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Acute bilirubin encephalopathy · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia
Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening showed no clear difference in acute bilirubin encephalopathy compared with visual assessment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Economic outcomes: Cost of care · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Intervention (no. of studies/participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Pegylated interferon beta‐1a (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1512 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The intervention may leads to lower pegylated interferon beta‐1a (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1512… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mitoxantrone (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 51 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The intervention may leads to lower mitoxantrone (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 51 participants) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Natalizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 942 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The intervention leads to lower natalizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 942 participants) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Teriflunomide (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1169 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The intervention may leads to lower teriflunomide (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1169 participants) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Placebo · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 59 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 59 participants) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Daclizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 621 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The intervention probably leads to lower daclizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 621 participants) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Intervention (no. of studies/participants)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Interferon beta‐1b (Betaferon) (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 403 participants)
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes interferon beta‐1b (Betaferon) (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 403… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.86 [0.67, 1.11]
1 study · 2 participants
Very low
Intervention not reported
Placebo
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Fingolimod No direct evidence · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The intervention probably leads to lower fingolimod No direct evidence (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.48 [0.39, 0.57]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Glatiramer acetate (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 1454 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The intervention may leads to lower glatiramer acetate (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 1454 participants) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review