Cognitive function · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Cognition: OR 0.42 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.53), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Pre-eclampsia: OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.80), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Fractures: non-vertebral, non-hip · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Fractures: non-vertebral, non-hip, Older women: OR 0.69 (95% CI 0.21 to 1.66), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.69 [0.21, 1.66]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Head circumference (mm) · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Head circumference: WMD 0.05 (95% CI -0.24 to 0.34), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Diastolic blood pressure · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Diastolic blood pressure: WMD -0.03 (95% CI -1.98 to 1.92), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD -0.03 [-1.98, 1.92]
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Gestational age at birth (weeks) · pregnant women
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Mean gestational age at delivery: WMD 0.17 (95% CI -0.16 to 0.51), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 0.17 [-0.16, 0.51]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Pancreatic cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Pancreatic cancer: OR 2.13 (95% CI 1.02 to 4.47), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Hip Fracture · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Hip fracture (Population-based controls): log ratio of geometric mean -0.51 (95% CI -0.64 to -0.38), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
2 findings from 1 review
log ratio of geometric mean -0.51 [-0.64, -0.38]
9 studies · 1655 participants
GRADE not reported
log ratio of geometric mean -0.26 [-0.33, -0.23]
8 studies · 2201 participants
GRADE not reported
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Females): OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.39 to 1.70), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
2 findings from 1 review
Hypertension · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Hypertension: RR 0.70 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.86), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Aggressive prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Aggressive prostate cancer: OR 0.98 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.15), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Cardiovascular mortality · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Cardiovascular disease mortality: RR 0.55 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.85), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Birth length · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Birth length: WMD 0.19 (95% CI -0.26 to 0.65), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Subperiosteal erosions · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Subperiosteal erosions: RR 0.41 (95% CI 0.07 to 2.38), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Mortality: RR 1.40 (95% CI 0.38 to 5.15), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Colorectal cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Colorectal cancer: OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.73), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.01 [0.59, 1.73]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Cardiovascular disease (prevalent) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Cardiovascular disease (prevalent): OR 0.67 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.82), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Small for gestational age: RR 0.67 (95% CI 0.40 to 1.11), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Creatinine clearance · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Creatinine clearance: WMD -1.68 (95% CI -6.92 to 3.56), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD -1.68 [-6.92, 3.56]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Risk of hyperphosphataemia · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Risk of hyperphosphataemia: RR 1.57 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.54), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review