What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – scheduled (moderate certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.74, 1.11]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – urgent (moderate certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.58, 1.33]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower maternal morbidity, neonatal morbidity or mortality (moderate certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower caesarean section (low certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.33, 0.89]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to higher spontaneous vaginal birth (low certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.25 [1.16, 4.36]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in spontaneous vaginal birth – normal vaginal birth (moderate certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.62, 1.14]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – elective (moderate certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.58, 1.56]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Day hospitals vs no comprehensive care

Day hospitals may leads to lower deterioration in ADL in survivors compared with no comprehensive care (low certainty).

• Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.61 [0.38, 0.97]
  2 studies · 407 participants
  Low

Day hospitals vs comprehensive care

Day hospitals showed no clear difference in death by the end of compared with comprehensive care (low certainty).

• Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.26 [0.87, 1.82]
  5 studies · 1287 participants
  Low

Day hospitals vs comprehensive care

Day hospitals showed no clear difference in death or institutional care by the end of compared with comprehensive care (low certainty).

• Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1 [0.69, 1.44]
  4 studies · 1181 participants
  Low

Day hospitals vs comprehensive care

Day hospitals showed no clear difference in death or deterioration in ADL compared with comprehensive care (low certainty).

• Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.18 [0.63, 2.18]
  1 study · 174 participants
  Low

Day hospitals vs comprehensive care

Day hospitals showed no clear difference in death or poor outcome (institutional care, disability or… compared with comprehensive care (low certainty).

• Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.05 [0.79, 1.4]
  5 studies · 1268 participants
  Low

Day hospitals vs comprehensive care

Day hospitals showed no clear difference in deterioration in ADL in survivors compared with comprehensive care (low certainty).

• Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.21 [0.58, 2.52]
  1 study · 149 participants
  Low

Day hospitals vs no comprehensive care

Day hospitals showed no clear difference in death by the end of compared with no comprehensive care (low certainty).

• Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.88 [0.63, 1.22]
  4 studies · 1345 participants
  Low

Day hospitals vs no comprehensive care

Day hospitals showed no clear difference in death or institutional care by the end of compared with no comprehensive care (low certainty).

• Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.63 [0.4, 1]
  4 studies · 1177 participants
  Low