Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

628 questions · 671 findings · 31 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

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No studies found 215 · 32%GRADE not reported 29 · 4.3%Very low 156 · 23.2%Low 165 · 24.6%Moderate 69 · 10.3%High 37 · 5.5%

Intervention not reported

Patient reminder or recall summary measure · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention probably leads to higher patient reminder or recall summary measure (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.28 [1.23, 1.35]
55 studies · 138625 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Childhood immunizations · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention leads to higher childhood immunizations (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.22 [1.15, 1.29]
23 studies · 31099 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Childhood influenza immunizations · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention probably leads to higher childhood influenza immunizations (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.51 [1.14, 1.99]
5 studies · 9265 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adult immunizations ‐ other than influenza or travel ('Other adult') · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention showed no clear difference in adult immunizations ‐ other than influenza or travel ('Other adult') (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.08 [0.91, 4.78]
4 studies · 8065 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adult influenza immunizations · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention probably leads to higher adult influenza immunizations (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [1.17, 1.43]
15 studies · 59328 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adolescent immunizations · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention leads to higher adolescent immunizations (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [1.17, 1.42]
10 studies · 30868 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Patient telephone reminder or recall · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention probably leads to higher patient telephone reminder or recall (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.75 [1.2, 2.54]
7 studies · 9120 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Patient letter reminder or recall · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention probably leads to higher patient letter reminder or recall (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [1.21, 1.38]
27 studies · 81100 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Patient postcard reminder or recall · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention leads to higher patient postcard reminder or recall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [1.08, 1.3]
8 studies · 27734 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Patient text message reminder or recall · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention leads to higher patient text message reminder or recall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [1.15, 1.44]
6 studies · 7772 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Patient autodialer message reminder or recall · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention leads to higher patient autodialer message reminder or recall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [1.03, 1.32]
5 studies · 11947 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Combination of patient mail and telephone reminder or recall · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention probably leads to higher combination of patient mail and telephone reminder or recall (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.28 [1.14, 1.45]
8 studies · 6506 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Combination of patient reminder or recall with outreach intervention · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention leads to higher combination of patient reminder or recall with outreach intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.22 [1.1, 1.35]
3 studies · 2701 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Combination of patient reminder or recall with provider reminder intervention · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention probably leads to higher combination of patient reminder or recall with provider reminder… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.91 [2.67, 3.19]
2 studies · 4120 participants
Moderate

Health education vs usual care

Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age · children under 5 years of age

Health education may leads to higher proportion of children who received DTP3/Penta 3 by 1 year of age compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [1.15, 1.62]
6 studies · 4375 participants
Low

Health education vs usual care

Occurrence of vaccine‐preventable diseases · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles) · children under 5 years of age

Engagement of community leaders probably leads to higher proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles) compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.96 [1.61, 2.39]
1 study · 1227 participants
Moderate

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all scheduled vaccines · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Occurrence of vaccine‐preventable diseases · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Cost of the intervention · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found