Use of IOP‐lowering medications ‐ 24 months · macular edema in diabetes
It is very uncertain whether intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg changes use of IOP‐lowering medications ‐ 24 months compared with sham (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 21.6 [1.32, 354.7]
Studies not reported
Very low
Surgery for glaucoma ‐ 24 months · macular edema in diabetes
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Change in visual acuity (logMAR) ‐ 12 months (negative is better) · macular edema in diabetes
It is very uncertain whether intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg changes change in visual acuity (logMAR) ‐ 12 months (negative is better) compared with macular laser (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
MD 0.02
Studies not reported
Very low
Gain 3+ lines of visual acuity at 1 year · macular edema in diabetes
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg showed no clear difference in gain of three or more lines visual acuity ‐ 12 months compared with macular laser (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.85 [0.55, 1.3]
Studies not reported
Low
Change in retinal thickness (micron) (negative is better) · macular edema in diabetes
It is very uncertain whether intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg changes change in retinal thickness (micron) (negative is better) compared with macular laser (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
MD 5
Studies not reported
Very low
Cataract progression · macular edema in diabetes
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg probably leads to higher cataract progression ‐ 9 to 24 months compared with macular laser (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.68 [2.21, 3.24]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Use of IOP‐lowering medications · macular edema in diabetes
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg probably leads to higher use of IOP‐lowering medications ‐ 9 to 24 months compared with macular laser (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 3.92 [2.59, 5.96]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Surgery for glaucoma ‐ 24 months · macular edema in diabetes
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg showed no clear difference in surgery for glaucoma ‐ 9 to 24 months compared with macular laser (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 11.68 [0.63, 216]
Studies not reported
Low
Change in visual acuity (logMAR) ‐ 12 months (negative is better) · macular edema in diabetes
1 finding from 1 review
Gain of 3 or more lines of visual acuity · macular edema in diabetes
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Central retinal thickness μm (CRT) change at 1 year The aim of treatment is to reduce central retinal thickness so thinner is better. · macular edema in diabetes
It is very uncertain whether intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg changes change in central retinal thickness (micron) ‐ 12 months (negative… compared with antiVEGF (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cataract progression · macular edema in diabetes
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Use of IOP‐lowering medications · macular edema in diabetes
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Surgery for glaucoma · macular edema in diabetes
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Salivary Lactobacilli counts · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease
Salivary Lactobacilli counts were unchanged in two studies but significantly increased in one study one month after BoNT (ungraded; no effect estimate reported).
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary osmolality (hydration level) · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease
No included study reported salivary osmolality; this pre-planned outcome remains unassessed (no studies).
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary S. mutans level · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease
BoNT injections were not associated with significant changes in salivary S. mutans counts across three studies (ungraded; no effect estimate reported).
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary pH · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease
BoNT injections were not associated with significant changes in oral/salivary pH across three studies (ungraded; no effect estimate reported).
1 finding from 1 review
Development of >=1 new carious lesion (caries incidence) · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease
In one RCT, BoNT-B 2500 U was not associated with a statistically significant increase in new caries versus placebo (RR 2.4, 95% CI 0.48 to 11.80; not significant).
2 findings from 1 review
Salivary buffering capacity · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease
Salivary buffering capacity did not decrease after BoNT; one of two quasi-experimental studies reported a significant increase (ungraded; no effect estimate reported).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral health effects of botulinum toxin treatment for drooling: a systematic review. 2020 All outcomesBefore vs after BoNT injection (2018 study: significant buffering increase at 1 month; 2017 study no change) · Neurological-disease populations with drooling (e.g., cerebral palsy, Parkinson disease, adults with sialorrhea); specialist clinical care
The quasi-experimental studies of Tiigimae-Saar found different results concerning the changes in buffering capacity. For the analysis carried out in 2017, no statistically significant change was observed. By contrast,…
2 studies
GRADE not reported